Investigating the Barriers to Political Socialization of Cultural Women in Ahvaz

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

Azita Zangeneh ¹ , Abdoreza Hashemi ² , eshagh Arjmand Siyahposh ³

1 - Department of Sociology, Shoshtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoshtar, Iran
2 - Department of Sociology, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
3 - Department of Psychology, ,Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran.

Received: 2020-11-19 Accepted : 2022-01-05 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: Self-confidence, gender socialization, Barriers to socialization, Cultural women,

Abstract :

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the barriers to political socialization of cultural women by survey method. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of cultural women in Ahvaz includes 8763 people and the sample size based on Cochran's formula is 368 people, which have been determined as a sample and have been studied using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Face validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine its reliability. The results of the research are presented in two descriptive and inferential parts through SPSS 18 software. Findings: The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between women's political socialization and gender socialization variables, value preferences, political self-confidence, and power structure in the paternal family. The correlation coefficients between them are 0.138, 0.440, 0.158, and -0.184, respectively, and their significance levels are 0.05, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.01, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that different gender socialization of women, value preferences, women's self-confidence, and power structure in the paternal family are among the barriers to political socialization.  

References:

- Hominfar L. The evolution of gender sociability. Women's Research Quarterly. 2003 first round. Third year number (7), 113. ( Persian ).

- Razavi Al-Hashim B. Analysis of the position of women's participation in the process of socio-political development of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. 2009 Social Science Month Book. ( Persian )

- Zelek T. Ethiopian Women Lowyers Association the PoliticParticipation of Women in Ethiopia. 2005 Challenges and Prospects, addisababa.

- Safari H, Danesh P, Safiri K, Fakhraei S. Explaining Gender Inequality in NGOs of East Azerbaijan Province. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran. 2018 Mar 21;7(1):179-200.

- Shojaei No H. A Study of Sociological Factors Affecting Women's Political Participation (Case Study of Ahvaz). Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences. 2017 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

- Mahdavi SM, Mohamadjani M. The challenges of political socialization of female students (providing a Grounded Theory). Women in Development & Politics. 2015 Mar 21;13(1):53-72.

- pourjebeli R, heybati R. Investigating the effective factors on gender attitude among the people of Zanjan . Journal of Socio - Cultural Changes, 2013 10(1), 1-20.( Persian)

- Jonnazarova D.H, Ibodulloev A.R. Political socialization of women in social and cultural aspects. 2017 (6-3 (60)), 47-50.

- Koester D. Gender and power. Development Leadership Programme Concept Note. 2015 May;4.

- Watson L. Gender justice for all: achieving just andequitable power relations between women and men. 2014 Landan: The FreePress.

- Hamid S. Gender Gap as a Result of Political Socialization in Formation of Voting Behavior among Christian Minority in Punjab (Pakistan). South Asian Studies. 2020 Oct 26;34(2).

- Bratton M, Alderfer P, Bowser G, Temba J. The effects of civic education on political culture: evidence from Zambia. World Development. 1999 May 1;27(5):807-24.

- Almond G, Verba S. Civi Culture. 1963 Princeton: Princeton University Press.

- Mehrdad H. Fields of Political Sociology. Political Socialization. 1997 Tehran Pajeng Publishing Company. (Persian )

- Fattahi Ardakani H. Explaining the elements and components of the Lebanese Hezbollah smart power. Political Studies of Islamic World. 2020 Feb 20;8(4):127-50.

- Lipst M, Dose R. Political Sociology. translated by Mohammad Hossein Farjad. 1994 Tehran: Toos Publications.

- www.aftab.ir

- Akhtarshahr A. Components of Political Sociability in Religious Government. 2007 Tehran. Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. ( Persian)

- Rush M. Society and Politics. 2003 translated by Manouchehr Sabouri. Tehran: Publication. (Persian)

- Ritzer J. Sociological theories in the contemporary era. 2008 translated by Mohsen Thalasi. Scientific Publications. 13th edition. 888 p.

- Jahed P. Directory of world cinema: Iran. Intellect Books; 2012 Jan 9.

- Ritzer J. Sociological Theories in Contemporary Times, Mohsen Thalasi. 1995 Tehran. Scientific Publications. ( Persian )

- Abbott P, Tyler M, Wallace C. An introduction to sociology: Feminist perspectives. Routledge; 2006.

- Yazdi M, Hosseini Hosseinabad F. The relationship between power structure in the family and women's emotional intelligence. 2008 Chapter - The name of youth studies. Year 5 .Number 12 .Spring. Pp. 170-157. ( Persian )

- Mahdavi MS, Saburi KH. The Structure of Power Distribution within the Family.

- Najafian A. Poetic Nation: Iranian Soul and Historical Continuity. Stanford University; 2018.

- Dietz T L. An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games: Implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior. Sex roles. 1998 Mar;38(5):425-42.

- Whiting B, Edwards C. P. A cross_cuttural analysis of sex differencesin the behavior of children age three through eleven. child development. 1974.

- Little, D. Explanation in social sciences, an introduction to the philosophy of social science. translated by Abdolkarim Soroush. 2009 Tehran: Sarat Cultural Institute, p: 63. Fourteenth edition.

- Sanepour M. The Maternal Presence of Women in Power and Politics. Women Studies. 2017 Mar 21;8(19):121-41.

- Abbott P, Wallace C. Sociology of Women. translated by Manijeh Najm Iraqi. University Campus Publications. 2019 Fourteenth Edition, 371 p.

- Alam Abdul Rahman. Political Science Foundations. Tehran. 2009 Ney Publishing.

- Rule W, Whitaker LD. Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders?.

- Bandura A. Toward a psychology of    human agency. Perspectives on psychologicalscience.2006Jun;1(2):164-80.