Investigating the Mediating Role of Self-esteem and Risk taking in the Analysis of Factors Influencing Rural women's self-employment
Subject Areas : Woman and SocietyMohammad Badsar 1 , Shirin Soltani 2 , Mehdi Ghasemi 3
1 - faculty member
2 - کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی دانشگاه زنجان
3 - دانشجوی دکتری توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان
Keywords: Zanjan Province, rural women, Self-esteem, Risk taking, Self-employment,
Abstract :
Nowadays one of the most important criteria for assessing the degree of development of a country is the level of women's employment. Therefore, more attention to women's employment leads to better use of this potential capacity in society. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigation factors influencing rural women's self-employment. The population of this study was including rural women in Zanjan Province that 200 of them were selected by using cluster sampling method (only 188 questionnaires were usable). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS20 and AMOS20 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling multivariate technique. The results based on direct structural model with Bayesian estimation method showed that economic conditions, social conditions and education and extension courses had a significant direct effect on rural women's self-employment. Also, the result based on the mediation structural model showed that self-esteem and risk taking variables had a partial mediation on the relationship between economic conditions and social conditions with rural women's self-employment, and risk taking variable had a full mediation on the relationship between extension and educational courses with rural women's self-employment. Generally availability of economic and social conditions and conducting appropriate educational and extension programs along with strengthening individual capabilities such as self-esteem and risk-taking can be the basis for self-employment development among rural women.
- Aly, H.Y., & Al-Quisi, I. (1996). Determinants of women's labour force participation in kuwait: A logit analysis. Middle east business and economic review, 8, 1-9.
- Amini, A., & Ahmadi, M. (2007). Rural women employment in Barkhoar-Meymeh and Falavarjan townships of Esfahan Province and Assess its impact on their economic self-reliance, Journal of women Studies, 5(1), 65-91. (In Persian).
- Arasti, Z. (2006). Iranian women entrepreneur, appropriate socio-cultural structure in entrepreneurial businesses, Journal of Women in Development and Politics, 4(1&2), 93-119. (In Persian).
- Arbuckle, J.L. (2012). IBM® SPSS® Amos™ 21 User’s Guide. Amos Development Corporation.
- Bhuimail, A., & Sampa, P. (2005). Development of rural women through education and empowerment. Delhi.
- Burns Paul. (2001), Entrepreneurship and small Business. New York: Palgrave.
- Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (second ed.). New York, London, Taylor and Francis Group.
- Cavalcanti, T.V., & Tavares, J. (2008). Assessing the “engines of liberation”: Home appliances and female labor force participation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(1), 81-88.
- Celik, M., & Tatar, M. (2011). Employment-unemployment issues and solution suggestions adiyaman example interdisciplinary. Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 1211-1226.
- Deakins, D. & Freel, M. (2002). Entrepreneurship and small firms, 3d edition, London: McGraw – hill.
- Enayat, H,. & Dastrang, M. (2008). Investigation the relationship between Women's employments with their self-esteem by focusing on demographic factors. Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 27(1), 81-96. (In Persian).
- Fallah, R,. Farajollah Hoseini, S.J,. Hoseini, S.M,. & Mirdamadi, S.M. (2007). Factors influencing Rural Women's entrepreneurship success in North of Iran, Journal of Rural and Development, 10(4), 87-115. (In Persian).
- Feyzbakhsh, S.A & Taghiyari, H. (2011). Entrepreneurship, Sharif University of Technology Press, Tehran. (In Persian).
- FirouzAbadi, S.A & Nasrollahi, L. (2014). Investigation the relationship between Social trust and entrepreneurial spirit of rural women, the Case Study: Shirvan district, Journal of Rural Research, 5(1), 25-44 (In Persian).
- Gelrd, P. (2007). Characteristics, motivations and goals of encouraging Iranian womens in Business development, Journal of Trade Studies, (44), 267-295. (In Persian).
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (seven ed.). United State of Amreica: Pearson prentice hall.
- Hezarjaribi, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial, Second Printing, Tehran: Research Institute of Economic affairs, (In Persian).
- Howard, S. (2004), Developing entrepreneurial potential in youth: The effects of entrepreneurial education and venture creation, University of south Florida repot.
- Kabeer, N. (2005). "Is microfinance a'magic bullet'for women's empowerment? Analysis of findings from South Asia." Economic and Political weekly: 4709-4718.
- Kia, M & Ahmadzadeh, N. Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, Rooyesh, (2007). 5(19), 1-14. (In Persian).
- Kordnaech, A & Shams, Sh. (2003). The role of higher education in the development of entrepreneurship and job creation in the country, Periodical of Entrepreneurs, 2(1). (In Persian).
- Mann, V., & Thorpe, R. (1998). Characteristics of asian and white female business owners. Journal of Consumer Studies & Home Economics, 22(4), 221-229.
- Mayoux, Linda. (2005). Micro-Finance and the Empowerment of Women. A review of the key issues. Available at: www.lilo.org
- Momayez, A & Ghasemi, A (2013). Investigation factors influencing Women's Entrepreneurship Development, Journal of science and technology parks & incubators 9(35), 15-22. (In Persian).
- Naqvi, Z.F., Shahnaz, L., & Arif, G. (2002). How do women decide to work in pakistan?[with comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, 495-513.
- Nasrolahi Vosta, L. and Jalilvand, M. R. (2014). Examining the influence of social capital on rural women entrepreneurship: An empirical study in Iran, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 209-227.
- Navabakhsh, M & Zare, M. (2010). Investigation Socio-cultural factors affecting Entrepreneurial culture (The Case of Entrepreneurs Women in Tehran and Suburbs), Journal of Cultural Management, 4(7), 1-23. (In Persian).
- Orhan, M., & Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: An explanatory model. Women in management review, 16(5), 232-247.
- Pashmi, M. (2010). Woman Role in Development and Entrepreneurship, MS.c. Thesis of Women's Studies, Azad University of Tehran. (In Persian).
- Rajabpour, P,. Azadmanesh, Sh. & Mohammadi, M. (2014). Sociological attitude to incentives of Starting Business among Rural women entrepreneurs, National Conference of Women and Sustainable Development, 23 October, Mashhade Moghadas. (In Persian).
- Ritzer, G. (2001). Explorations in social theory: From meta theorizing to rationalization, Sage.