The Impact of Organizational Toxic Climate on Intention to leave job among female nursing: Explaining the role mediator of Stress and Job burnout

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

فضل اله Kazemi ¹ , امین Zare ² , سعید Sepehry ³ , سعیده Roostaee ⁴

1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت کسب و کار،واحد شیراز،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،شیراز،ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت رفتار سازمانی، دانشکده مدیریت و فناوری‌های نرم ، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت دولتی گرایش تحول سازمانی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران
4 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت دولتی گرایش تحول سازمانی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

Received: 2017-05-01 Accepted : 2018-04-24 Published : 2018-02-20

Keywords: Job stress, Job burnout, Organizational Toxic Climate, Intention to Leave job,

Abstract :

    Healthy and favorable organizational climate can improve organizational relationships and organizational performance however, unhealthy and toxic climate may create environment of suspicion and stress and have negative effects on individual performance and organizational performance. This article aims to examine the relationship between organizational toxic climate and intention to leave job. For this purpose, two variables mediating role stress and job burnout were considered in the relationship between organizational toxic climate and intention to leave job. This research is purposeful, applied and methodically descriptive of survey type. The study population consisted of 150 female nurses of Ali Ebn Abi Taleb hospital in Rafsanjan city and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Validity and reliability the questionnaires using face validity, construct validity and Cronbach's alpha were examined. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling software and smart PLS (version 2) was used. The results showed that organizational toxic climate has no directly effect on job burnout and intention to leave job but has direct and positive effect on stress. Also The results showed that stress has directly and positive effect on job burnout but no effect on intention to leave job. The results showed that the organizational toxic climate indirectly and through mediator variables stress and job burnout effect on intention to leave job.

References:

- Aghaee, R., Aghaee, M.,  & Aghaee, A. (2014). Investigation of relationship between Job fatigue,Organizational citizenship Behavior and Organizational Atmosphere. Journal of Public Administration, 5(4), 1-18 (in Persian).

- Alarcon, G .M. (2011). A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands
resources and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79: 549–562.

- Alizadeh, E. (2007). Factors influencing the willingness of staff turnover. Journal of Police Human Development, 2(11): 73-89 (in Persian).

- Almalki, M.J., FitzGerald, G., & Clark, M. (2012). The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia. Biomed Central health Services Research, 12: 314.

- Ambrose.S. C., Rutherford,B. N., S hepherd, C. D.,& Tashchian, A.(2014). Boundary spanner multi-faceted role ambiguity and burnout:An exploratorystudy, Journal Industrial Marketing Management, 43 : 1070-1078.

- Appelbaum, S. H., & Roy-Girard, D. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: affect on organizations and employees. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(1):17-28.

- Azadmarzabadi, E., & Gholami Fesharaki, M. (2011). The relationship between geographical areas, personality, socio-economical status and demographical factors with job stress. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5 (2): 151-156 (in Persian).

- Babaian, A., Mohammadi Mahmouei, A.,  Alizadeh, H.,  & Karami, Z. (2012). The Impact of Work-family Conflict and Job Stress on Job Burnout of I.R.I Police Staffs. Journal of Entezam-e- Ejtemaei, 4(4): 35-52 (in Persian).

- Bayrami, M., Hashemi, T., Ghahramanzadeh, A., & Alaie, P. (2011). The relationship between mental health and emotional intelligence with job burnout in nurses of Tabriz state hospitals. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 9(2):141-7 (in Persian).

- Bernardi, L., Klarner, A., & Von der Lippe, H. (2008). Job insecurity and the timing of parenthood: A comparison between Eastern and Western Germany. European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, 24(3): 287-313.

- Bolino, M., & Turnley, W. (2005). The Personal Costs of Citizenship Behavior: The Relationship Between Individual Initiative and Role Overload, Job Stress, and Work–Family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4): 740-748.

- Chelariu, C., & Stump, R. (2011). A study of work-family conflict family - work conflict and the contingent effect of self-efficacy of retail salespeople in a transitional economy. European Journal of Marketing, 45(11/12) :1660-1679.

- Chen,M.L., Su,Z.Y., Lo,C.L.,Chiu,C.H., Hu,Y.H., Shieh,T.Y. (2014). An empirical study on the factors influencing the turnover intention of dentists in hospitals in Taiwan. Journal of Dental Sciences, 9 : 332-344.

- Chin,W.W.,& Newsted.P.R.(1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using PLS, in rick hoyle(ed), Statistical strategies for small samples research, sage Publications:pp. 307-341.

- Cox, T., & Thomson, L. (2000). CHAPTER NINE Organizational healthiness, work-related stress and employee health. Coping, health, and organizations, 177.

- Dalvi, M., & Ganji, M. (2014).  The Impact of ethical leadership on job stress and occupation turnover intention in nurses of hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 16 (1) :121-128(in Persian).

- Dawson, J. F., González-Romá, V., Davis, A., & West, M. A. (2008).Organizational climateand climate strength in UK hospitals. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17 (1), 89-111.

- Deary, I., Blenkin, H., Agius, R., Endler. N., Zeally, H., & Wood, R. (1996). Models of job related stress and personal achievement among consultant doctors. British Journal of psychology, 87(1): 3-29.

- Derycke, H., Vlerick, P., Burnay, N., Decleire, C., D'Hoore, W., Hasselhorn, H. M., & Braeckman, L. (2010). Impact of the effort–reward imbalance model on intent to leave among Belgian health care workers: A prospective study. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 83(4): 879-893.

- Droogenbroeck, F. V., Spruyt, B., & Vanroelen, C. (2014). Burnout among senior teachers: Investigating the role of workload and interpersonal relationships at work .Journal Teaching and Teacher Education, 43: 99-109.

- Epstein, D. G. (2010). Extinguish workplace stress. Nursing management, 41(10): 34-37.

- Fornell, C., & Lacker, D.F. (1981). Evaluation structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39-50.

- Fuente, C. D., Guillermo, A.,Vargas, C., Luis,C. S., Inmaculada, G., Gustavo ,R., ,Emilia,  I., & Fuente, D. (2015). Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52: 240-249.

- Garrosa E, Moreno-Jimenez, B., Liang, Y., & Gonzalez, J. (2008) .The relationship between socio-demografic variables, job stressors, burnout, and hardy personality in nurses: an explanatory study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(3): 418-427.

- Golparvar, M., Javadian, Z., Adibi, Z.,  Mosahebi, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2013). The Relationship between Job Stress with Turnover and Task Performance with Consider the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. Iran Occupational Health Journal, 10(1) : 33-42 (in Persian).

- Hajlo, N. (2012). The Relationship of Staffs' Job Stress, Burnout, and Life Quality to Organizational Climate Satisfaction at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 3(3): 169-183 (in Persian).

- Hariri, G., Yaghmaei, F., & Shakeri, N. (2012). Assessment of some factors related to leave in nurses and their demographic charater in educational hospitals of Shahid Behesthi University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 1(3): 17-27 (in Persian).

- Hawkins, D. (2005). onsumer Behavior, BuldingMarketing Strategy. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies.

- Hunter, E. M., Perry, S.  J., & Currall, S. C. (2001). Inside multi-disciplinary science and engineering research centers: The impact of organizational climate on invention disclosures and patents.  Journal of research policy, 40(9): 1226-1239.

- James, L. R., Choi, C. C., Ko, C. H. E., McNeil, P. K., Minton, M. K., Wright, M. A., & Kim, K. I. (2008). Organizational and psychological climate: A review of theory and research. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(1) : 5-32.

- Katsikea, E., Theodosiou,M., & Morgan,R.E. (2014). Why people quit: Explaining employee turnover intentions among export sales managers .International Business Review, 24(3): 367-379.

- Khanin, D. (2013). How to reduce turnover intentions in the family business: Managing centripetal and centrifugal forces. Business Horizons, 56: 63-73.

- Letvak, S., & Buck, R. (2008). Factors Influencing Work Productivity and Intent to Stay in Nursing. Nurs EcoMay-June, 26(3):159-165.

- Lipman-Blumen, J. (2006). The allure of toxic leaders: Why we follow destructive bosses and corrupt politicians-and how we can survive them. Oxford University Press.

- MacKusick CI, Minick P. (2010). Why are nurses leaving? Findings from an initial qualitative study on nursing attrition. Medsurg nursing: Official Journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, 19(6): 335-40.

- Marvian Hosseini, Z., & Lariye Dashte Bayaz, M. (2015). Investigating the Role of Occupational Burnout on the Relationship between Stress and Job Performance of Auditors. Quarterly Journal of Health Accounting, 4(1):57-80 (in Persian).

- Mauno, S., & Kinnunen, U. (1999). The effects of job stressors on marital satisfaction in Finnish dual-earner couples. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20: 879-895.

- McKenna, E. (2006). Business and organisational behaviour: A students’ handbook. London: Routledge Publishers.

- Mohamadzadeh Nojehdehi, M., Rafii, F., Ashghali-Farahani, M., & Bahrani, N. (2014). Comparing nurses’ intention to leave in hospitals of execute/non-execute organizational excellence model. Iran Journal of Nursing, 27(88): 46-55 (in Persian).

- Moshtagh Eshgh, Z., Aghaeinejad, A., Peyman, A., Amirkhani, A., Taghinezhad, F. & Sheikhi, A. (2014). The relationship between occupational stresses with job burnout in pre-hospital emergency staff. Hakim Seyed Esmail Jorjani Journal, 2(2): 33-41 (in Persian).

- Oginska, B. (2006). Occupational stress and its consequences in Health care professionals: The role of type personality. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 19(2): 113–122.

- Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30(3): 241-56.

- Probst, T. M. (2000). Wedded to the job: Moderating effects of job involvement on the consequences of job insecurity. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(1) : 63-73.

- Road, W. (2007). Work-related stress, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Website: www.eurofound.europa.eu

- Rothmann, S., van der Colf, J. J., & Rothmann, J. C. (2006). Occupational stress of nurses in South Africa.Curationis, 29(2): 22-33.

- Saedi, S., Khalatbari, J., & Mori Najafabadi, N. (2010). Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Health. Journal of Modern Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 1(4): 55-64 (in Persian).

 -Safari, H.,  & Mohammad Nejad Shorkaee, M.  (2013). Identify and prioritize the factors affecting job stress petrochemical project managers. Knowledge and application Project Management, 2(3): 16-21 (in Persian).

- Salami, A. O., Ojokuku, R. M. & Ilesanmi, O. A. (2010), Impact of Job Stress on ManagersPerformance. European Journal of Scientific Research, 45 (20) : 249-252.

- Schmitz, N., Neumann, W., & Oppermann, R. (2000). Stress, burnout and locus of control in German nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 37(2): 95-99.

- Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H.(2013). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 361–388.

- Seid Javadain, S. R, & Shahbaz Moradi, S. (2006). Job burnout: A study in Haffar Naft-e Jonoub Company. Iranian journal of management sciences, 1(2):  63-78 (in Persian).

- Shakerinia, I., & Mohammadpour, M. (2010). Relationship between job stress and resiliency with occupational burnout among nurses. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 14(2): 161-169 (in Persian).

- Soleimannejad, A., Hamdami, P., Soudi, H. (2012). Investigating the relationship between coping skills and career exhaustion with psychological health of Urmia doctors. Journal of Urmia Nursing And Midwifery Faculty, 10(2):226-36 (in Persian).

- Spector, P. E. (1998). A control theory of the job stress process. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

- Stranks, J. (2005). Stress at work: Management and prevention. Oxford: Elsevier.

- Sutherland, V., & Cooper, C. (2000). Strategic stress management: An organizational approach. Springer.

- Thanacoody, R. P., Bartram, T., & Casimir, G. (2009). The effects of burnout and supervisory social support on the relationship between work-family conflict and intention to leave.  Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(1): 53-69.

- Too, L., & Harvey, M. (2012). “TOXIC” workplaces: the negative interface between the physical and social environments. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 14(3): 171-181.

- Zare, A., Tavakoli, Gh., & Karami,  Z. (2015). The impact of work - family conflict through job burnout on intention to leave the organization among Naja employees. Resource management in the police force, 3(4): 151-176 (in Persian).