Recognize and Compare the of Iran's Deserts from the Aspect of Geomorphology and Climatology (case study: Iran's east and central areas desert)

Subject Areas : Regional Planning

عباس Alipour ¹ (استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران)
مصطفی Hashemi ² (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
فرشاد pazhooh ³ (دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
M. Hossin Naserzadeh ⁴ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)

Received: 2016-07-23 Accepted : 2017-08-22 Published : 2017-10-23

Keywords: geographical information system, Climate, Desert, Geomorphology, center and east of Iran,

Abstract :

      Determine the desert area needs to achieve the information from natural environment parameters. That their interactions are jointly involved in genesis the desert features. The aim of this research is to recognize and isolate the desert regions of central and east of Iran in the view of geomorphology and climatology. For this purpose after preparing the information layers, the desert introductions index determined in the under study region of geomorphology and climatology. So that in the geomorphology factor, faces of representing desert including sand dunes and sandy plains, sand domes, pan salt, deserts and…and in the climatic factor the rainfall, temperature and annual evaporation, irregularity, coefficient of precipitation, changes and  daily precipitation average intensity identified and separated. After that with using geographical information system (GIS), each of the mentioned factors drew and in the next step variables by AHP model were valued. And after that in the GIS were combined. And finally the map of throughout the climatic and geomorphologic deserts of east and central Iran prepared. The results showed that in terms of climatic, the under study region was divided to 4 climatologic areas which the desert region area of under study land from the aspect of climate is 74925.04km, equivalent to 20 percent and in terms of geomorphology 203773 equivalent to 54.4 percent. Conformity height, slopes and slope direction with the geomorphologic and climatic deserts maps, suggest severe impact of height factor than latitude in local wide variations of climate factor and the impact of these elements on specification and forms of dry and semi dry regions and developing the deserts regions area. According to the climate deserts map, implantation of dry and semi dry areas in locations which face with the desert and semi desert is evidence to regional climate affected the topography conditions of east and half central Iran.

References:

1. 1.       Ahmadi, H. (1996): Desert recognition criteria of the recognition of desert, the researches of the second National Conference on Desertification and methods of desertification, publishing Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, pp. 97. (In Persian).


2. 2.        Azar, A. and H. Faraji, (2007): Fuzzy Management Science, Mehraban Publishing, Printing, Tehran. (In Persian).


3. 3.       Atapour, A., Hosseini, M., and Khosroshahi,M., (2004): Identification and seprtation of desert region in the view of geomorphology, deserts bother Journal of Range (3) 11: Tehran, pp:52-75. (In Persian)


4. 4.       Alaei Taleghani, M., (2009): Geomorphology of Iran, Fifth Edition, Tehran, Ghomes publication. (In Persian).


5. 5.       Asma, .A.  Anwar, Sh.A.  Waleed, K.A.  Nabil, A.E.  And Mahmmod. A.R., (2002): Desertification in the Arab Region: analysis of current status and trends. Journal of Arid Environments, vol, 51, pp: 521–545.


6. 6.       Darwish, M. (2000): analytical approach on the concepts and words knowledge of desert literature area, grassland and desert Research, published by the Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp,1-51. (In Persian)


7. 7.       Domroes, M.  Kaviani, M.  D.  Schacfer, D.  (1998):  An Analysis of regional and intraannual precipitation variability over Iran using multi variate statistical methods, Theoretical and Applied meteorology, 61, pp: 151-159.


8. 8.       Farajzadeh.M and Nikeghbal.M. (2007): Evaluation  medalus  mode eor  desertification  hazard  zonation  using  GIS; study  area:  iyzad khast plain, iran.pakistan.journal of biological sciences10(16),pp: 2622-2630,


9. 9.        goudie, Andrew. (1988): The nature of environment, Basil Blackwel, londan, vol, 3,178p.


10. 10.   Goudie,A and Wilkinson,J.(1977): "warm Deserts Environment",London, New York, Melborn. 190p.


11. 11.   Hossein Zadeh, S. R.,(1999):Determining Tabas territory based on geomorphologic detailed studies of and the rules of  outer dynamic processes and the human on resonance  of desertification and desert phenomenon, thesis, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tehran University, 502 p. (In Persian)


12. 12.   Hejazizadeh, Z., Hosseini, S.M., and Karbala'i Drie,A., (2015): Simulation scenarios of climatic variables of Semnan province with general atmospheric circulation models, Journal of Geography and environmental hazards, No. 15, pp: 1-24. (In Persian).


13. 13.   Heattcote, R.L; (1983): The arid lands: their use and abuse, Longman, London, 323p.


14. 14.   Jomepour,m.,(2006):Application of GIS in the environmental feasibility and determining the optimal spatial pattern in rural areas (eg city Torbat), Geographical Research, Spring 1385, 38 (55), pp: 35 - 58. (In Persian).


15. 15.   Jazireie M.H., (1992): the drought phenomenon, forest and pasture magazine, No. 13, Tehran, pp. 1-20. (In Persian).


16. 16.   Khoshhal dastjerdi, J., Ghazi,I., and Arvin A., (2006): Use of cluster grouping in the human bioclimatic zoning (Case Study: Isfahan Province), Journal of Isfahan University, No. 20, Esfahan, 5, PP:56-75. (In Persian)


17. 17.   Khosroshahi, M., Hosseini , m., Mohammad Khan,S., Atapour,A., Karami,S.A., Khalilpour,A., Farahani, E., and Abbasi, H.R., (2003): Comparative comparison of Tehran desert territory from different views, grassland and desert Journal of Research in Iran , 10 (4), pp:409-427. (In Persian).


18. 18.    Khosroshahi, M., kashki, M.T., and Ensafimoghadam, T., (2009): Iran's climatology desert area, grassland and desert's Journal, 16 (1), pp: 96-113. (In Persian).


19. 19.     Khosroshahi, M. (2012): Compare the Iran’s desert area in the view of geomorphoclimatology aspects; Journal of Watershed Management, No, 94, pp: 10-18. (In Persian).


20. 20.    Kardavani, P., (1996): dry areas (soils, geographical classification and operational issues), the second volume, the publisher, Sixth Edition, Tehran. P 389. (In Persian).


21. 21.    Kardavani, P., (2014): resources and water issues in Iran, saline water issues and how to use them, Volume II, Third Edition, published by Tehran University, Tehran, p. 258. (In Persian).


22. 22.    Kim, Do-Woo and Ryong B.Hi. (2009): "Future pattern of Asian drought under global warming scenario", Theor. Appl. Climatol, 98,pp: 137–150.


23. 23.    Lavado, C.J.F., Schnabel, S., Mezo Gutierrez, A.G.and Pulido, F.M. (2009) Mapping Sensitivity to land degradation Extremadura.  SW spain. Land Degrad. Develop, vol, 20, pp: 129–144.


24. 24.   Lloyd-Hughes, B., and Saunders, M.A. (2002): Drought Climatology for Europe. Int. J. Climatol., 22, pp: 1571-1592.


25. 25.   Lustig, L. K. (1968): Appraisal of research on geomorphology & surface hydrology of desert environments,in Mc Ginnies, 317p.


26. 26.   McGinnies, W.G., Goldman, B.j., Paylore, P. (1977): Deserts of the Word. University of Arizona press,Tucson.


27. 27.   Ntale, H. k., Thian, y. g., (2003): Drought indices and their application to east Africa, Int. J. Climatol, 23, pp: 1335–1357.


28. 28.   Richard, C. J., Stanley O. I., David, A., (1996): Geomorphology, translated by Ahmad Motamed, the publisher, Volume I, Third Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)


29. 29.   Sadeghi, S., (2008): Synoptic analysis of drought in Khorasan, thesis, Brahnmayy: B. Alijani, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Al-Kharazmi. P 387.


30. 30.   Sing, K., (1996), "Space-time variation and regionalization of seasonal and monthly summer monsoon  rainfall  of  the  sub-Himalayan  region  and  Gangetic  plain  of  India",  Climatic Research, 6,pp: 251-262.


31. 31.   Thomas, D. S. G. (1997): Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process Form and Change in Drylands, pp. 713, John Wiley, New York.


32. 32.   Vero´n, S.R., Paruelo J.M and Oesterheld M. (2006): Assessing desertification, Journal of Arid Environments, 66, pp: 751–763.


33. 33.   White, F.J and A. Perry. (1989): "Classification of the climate of England and Wales based on agro climatic data", International Journal of Climatology, 9, pp: 271- 285.