Testing the causal relationship between the "attachment style, communication skills, personality traits, and sexual satisfaction of spouses": Effective communication of spouses, and the mother-child relationship in children
Subject Areas : Woman and family
Keywords: Personality traits, attachment style, effective spouse communication, mother – child relations, communication skills, sexual satisfaction.,
Abstract :
The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between effective relations of spouses, and mother–child relations emphasizing the meditational role of Attachment style, Personality traits, Communication skills and Sexual satisfaction. Accordingly, 260 individuals including mothers and their children were randomly selected, and assessed by a package of questionnaires, including: Spouses communication pattern (Christensen and Sullaway, 1991), adult attachment style (Bernan, Fraley& Waller), Communication skills (Attarha and Karami, 2010), NEO (Mccrae, 1992), sexual satisfaction (Larson and et al), and mother– child relation (Fine, Moreland& Schwbel, 1983) questionnaires. After performing structural equations to test the relationships among parental relations, and parent–child relations via mediating variables, it became evident that the proposed model had enough goodness of fit, and hence mother–child relations can be predicted via the role of Attachment style personality traits, Communication skills and sexual satisfaction and mediating effective spouse Communication. The results showed Neuroticism leading to an effective reduction of communication of spouses, while agreeableness, sexual satisfaction, communication skills and secure attachment increase this relationship. Regarding the mother, child relationship, agreeableness, and sexual satisfaction increased this relationship, while, neuroticism and paternal anxious attachment decreased the mother, child relationship.
- پیوسته گر، مهرانگیز (1384)، پیش بینی اختلالات دلبستگی کودکان با سبک دلبستگی والدین. رساله ی دکتری، دانشگاه الزهرا.
- پروین، لارنس و جان الیور، پی (1381)، شخصیت: نظریه و پژوهش. ترجمه: جوادی محمدجعفر، کدیور پروین. تهران: آییژ.
- ثنایی ذاکر، باقر (1387)، مقیاس سنجش خانواده. تهران: انتشارات بعثت.
- عبادت پور، بهناز (1379)، هنجاریابی پرسشنامه ی الگوهای ارتباطی زناشویی در شهر تهران در سال 1379-1378. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
- Attarha, N., & Karami, A. (2010), communication skills. Tehran : psychometrics publication.
- Barelds, D. P. H. (2005), Self and partner personality in intimate relationships. European Journal of Personality, 19, 501– 518.
- Belsky, J. (1984), The determinants of parenting: A process model . Journal of child Development, 55, 83-96.
- Belsky, J. (1990), Parental and non-parental child care and childrens' socio emotional development: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and the family, 52, 885-903.
- Bowlby, j. (1969, 1982),Attachment and loss, (vol1), Attachment. London: The Hogarth press.
- Bowlby, J. (1982), Attachment and loss. 2nded. New York: Basic Books, 54-55.
- Buss,D.M. (1991), Conflict in married couples : personality predictors of Anger and upset . Journal of Personality, 59,663-688.
- Carnes- Holt k. (2012), child-parent relationship therapy for adoptive families. Famj:20 (4): 419- 426.
- Carr, A. (2000), Family therapy. Concepts process and practice. New York: wiley.
- Caughlin, J.P., Huston, T.L., & Houts, R.N. (2000), How does personality matter in marriage? An examination of trait anxiety inter personal negativity, and marital satisfaction. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78, 326-336
- Christensen., A. & sullaway, M. (1984), Communication patterns Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, university of California, los angles.
- Christopher, F.S., & Sprecher, s. (2000), Sexuality in marriage , dating , and other relationships . Journal of Marriage and family, 62,999-1017.
- Crowell, J. A., & Feldman, S. (1989), Assessment of mothers’ working models of relationships: Some clinical implications. Infant Mental Health Journal, 10, 173–184.
- Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992), Revised NEO personality inventory And NEO five factor inventory. Lutz, Florida: Psychological Assesment Resource, Inc.
- Decuyper, M., De Bolle, M., & De Fruyt, F. (2012), Personality similarity, perceptual accuracy, and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples. Personal Relationships, 19, 128–145.
- Donnellane, M.B., Conger, R. D., & Bryant, C.m. (2004), The big five and Enduring marriage. Journal of Research in Personality, 38,481-504.
- Dyrenforth, P. S., Kashy, D. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Lucas. (2010), Predicting relationship and life satisfaction from personality in nationally representative samples from three countries: The relative importance of actor, partner, and similarity effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 690–702.
- Egeci, I.S., Gencoz,T. (2011), The Effects of Attachment Styles, Problem-Solving Skills, and Communication Skills on Relationship Satisfaction. Procida .Socia and Behavioral. Sciences: 30.2324- 2329.
- Elliott, S., & Umberson, D. (2008), The performance of desire: Gender and sexual negotiation in long-term marriage. Journal of Marriage andFamily, 70, 391-406.
- Epstein, N., & Baucom, D.H. (2002), Enhanced Cognitive behavioral therapy for couples: A contextual approach. Washington. DC: American psychological Association.
- Engel, G., Olson, K. R., & Patrick, C. (2002), The personality of love: Fundamental motives and traits related to components of love. Personality & Individual DiVerences, 32, 839–853.
- Erel, O, &Burman, B.(1995),Interrelatedness of marital relations and Parent-child relations: A meta-Analytic review . Psychological Bulletin,118,1,108-132.
- Feeney, J.A. (2002), Attachment, marital interaction and relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationship, 13, 19-36.
- Feeney, J. A., Noller, P. &Callan, V. J. (1994), Attachment Style, Communication, and satisfaction in the Early Years of Marriage. Advanced in Personal Relationship, 5, 269- 308.
- Fine, M.A., Moreland, J.R., &Schwebel, A. (1983), Long-term effects of divorce on parent- child relationship. Developmental psychology,19(5),703-713.
- Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000), An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365.
- Fuler,K.,Gomez,V.,&Grob.A. (2014), Personality perceptions and relationship satisfaction in couples. Journal of Research in Personality. 50(2014).33-41.
- Graziano, W. G., Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Hair, E. C. (1996), Perceiving interpersonal conxict and reacting to it: the case for agreeableness. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70, 820–835.
- Greeff, A.P. & Malherbe, H.L. (2001), Intimacy and marital satisfaction in spouses. Guilford press. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 27, 247-257.
- Gurman, A.S. (2008), Clinical handbook of couple therapy. New York: The Guilford press.
- Heavey, C.L., Larson, B.M., Zumtobel, D.C., & Christensen, A. (1996), Thecommunication patterns questionnaire: The reliability and validity of a constructive communication subscale. Journal of marriage and thefamily,58,pp: 796-800.
- Heller, D., Watson, D., & Hies, R. (2004), The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574–600.
- Hollist,c,s.&Miller,R.B. (2005), Perceptions of attachment style and marital quality in midlife marriage . Family Relations, 54,46-58.
- Huver, R.M., Otten,R.,Vries,H.,Engels.R.C. (2009), Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence,33,1-8.
- Jarvis, M.O. (2006), the long term role of newlywed conscientiousness and religiousness in marriage. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Journal of personality and social psychology,38,668-678.
- Kareny,B.P.&Bradbury,T.N. (2000), Attribution in marriage state or trait? Journal of personality and social psychology,7,295-309.
- Kurdek , L.A. (1993), Predicting marital dissolution: A 5 year prospective longitudinal study of newlywed couples. Journal of Personality and social psychology,64,221-242.
- larson,J.H,Anderson,S.M,Holman,T.B & Niemann,B.K. (1998), A longitudinal study of the effects of pre mental communication, relationship stability and self esteem on sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage .j sex marital ther.24(3):195-206.
- Lower ,l .M. (2005), Couples with young children .in M. Harway (Eds.), Hand book of couples therapy.Net work : Wiley.
- Milkulincer, M., & shaver, P.R. (2003), The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M.P.zanna (Ed.), advances in experimental social psychology.Vol, 35.Sandiego: Academic press.
- O'leary, S.,& Vidair, B. (2005), Marital adjustment ,child-rearing disagreement, and over reactive parenting: Predicting child behavior problems. Journal of Family psychology ,19 ,205-216.
- Raykov, T.,& Marconlides G.A.(2006), A first course in structural equation modeling, 2 nd Edition, Mawwah, N.J: Etlbaum.
- Rohner, R. (2007), Handbook for the study of parental acceptance and rejection. USA: Rohner research publications.
- Runcan, P .L & constantineanu, C, Iclics, B, Popa , D. (2012), The role communication in the parent-child interaction. Procedia. Social and Behavioral sciences, 46, 904-908.
- Sanford, k. (2010), Assessing conflict communication in couples comparing the validity of self-report, partner-report, and observer ratings. Journal of family psychology, 24(2), 165-174.
- Schmitt, D.P. (2003), is short-term mating the result of insecure attachment? A test of competing evolutionary perspectives .Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,31,747-768.
- Selcuk, E., Günaydin, G., Sumer, N,. Harma, N., Salman, S., Hazan, C., Dogruyol, B.,& Ozturk ,A. (2010), Self-reported romantic attachment style predicts everyday maternal caregiving behavior at home Journal of Research in Personality .44 .544–549
- Shaver, P.R, Hazan, C,& Bradshaw. D. (1988), Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In R.J. strenberg ,&M.Barnes(Eds.), New Haven, CT: yale university Press. The Psychology of love, 68-99.
- Smith,C.L.,Spinrad,T.L.,Eisenberg,N.,Payne,T.,K.,Gaertner,B.M.& Maxon,E. (2007), Maternal Personality: longitudinal relations to Parenting behavior and maternal emotional expressions toward toddlers. Parenting Journal of Science and Practice,7,305-329.
- Sprecher, S., & McKinney, K. (1993), Sexuality. Newbury Park, CA: sage.
- Taraban, C. B., Hendrick, S. S., &Hendrick, C. (1998), Loving and liking. In P. A. Andersen & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion, 331–351. San Diego: Academic Press.
- Trudel,G. (2002), Sexuality and marital life: Result of a survey. Journal of sex research ,28,229-249.
- Walsh,F. (1998), Strengthening family resilience. Newyork: Guilford Press.
- Ward, M.J., & Carlson, E.A. (1995), Associations among adult attachment representations, maternal sensitivity, and infant-mother attachment in a sample of adolescent mothers. Child development, 66(1), 69-79.
- Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & wise, D. (2000), General traits of personality and effectivity as predictors of satisfaction in intimate relationships: Evidence from self-and partner-ratings. Journal of personality, 68, 413-449.