The prediction of depression symptoms on the basis of reviewing rumination and self talk in depressed women
Subject Areas : Woman and family
Keywords: Depression, rumination and self-talk,
Abstract :
Different theories have tried to define depression. One of these theories is determining depression with negative thought. The aim of this study was to investigate reviewing rumination and self-talk in predicting the symptoms of depressed women.The subjects of this study were 152 female students who were selected from among 300 junior female students of human science in Tabriz University. They were selected non-randomly and then completed self-talk questionnaire, Beck depression inventory and Rumination test. Data were analyzed by Pierson correlation and regression.findings show that there is a significant relationship between rumination and Social assessment, Self-reinforcement, Self-criticism, Self-management. Also, rumination and Self-reinforcement, Self-criticism, Self-management can predict depression. This relationship revealed that rumination and self-talk in depression, are important factors in cognitive aspect of depression.
- اسکات، ک (1987)، درمان شناختی رفتاری مشکلات مراجعان (اختلالات هیجانی، اضطراب،افسردگی).مترجم: یار علی دوستی (1377): انتشارات توسعهی علوم.
- خدایاری فرد، م، اکبری س، زینالی ش(1389)، استاندارد سازی سیاهه خودگویی بر روی دانشجویان. گزارش طرح دانشگاه تهران
- سادوک، بنیامین جیمز. سادوک، ویریجینا آلکوت (2007)، خلاصه روانپزشکی. ترجمهی فرزین رضایی. تهران: انتشارات ارجمند
- صادری،ا (1387)، نقش نشخوار فکری و نگرانی در ساختار ارتباطی نوروتیزم با اضطراب و افسردگی در افراد افسرده. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تبریز
- موتابی، فرشته (1373)، مقیاس تست افسردگی بک، انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران
- Alloy L B., Abramson Ly., Hogan M E., Witjhouse WG., Rose D T., Robinson M S., Kim R S., &Lapkin J B. (2000), The temple- Wisconsin cognitive vulnerability to low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 109, 403-418.
- Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1988), Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Journal of Anxiety Research, 1, 23–36
- Beck, A.T., & Emery, G. (1985), Anxiety disorders and phobias.New York: Basic
- Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Steer, R. A., Eidelson, J. T., &Riskind, J. H. (1987), Differentiating anxiety and depression: A test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 179–183
- Brinthaupt, T, M., Hein, M, B & Kramer, T, E. (2008), The self talk scale: Development, Factor analysis and Validation.
- Burwell R A., & Shirk (2007), Subtype of rumination in adolescent: Association between brooding, reflection, depressive symptoms and coping. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent psychology. 36, 56-65.
- Clark, D. A.,& Beck, A. T. (1989), Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression. In P. C. Kendall and D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinct and overlapping features (pp. 379–411). New York: Academic Press.
- Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Stewart, B. (1990), Cognitive specificity and positive–negative affectivity: Complementary or contradictory views on anxiety and depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology,99, 148–155
- Elko, P.K., &Ostrow, A.C. (1991), Effects of a rational-emotive education program on heightened anxiety levels of female collegiate gymnasts. Journal of Sport Psychologist, 5,235-255
- Finn, J. A. (1985), Competitive excellence: It’s a matter of mind and body. Journal of Physician and Sport medicine, 13, 61–75
- Hardy, J., Hall, C.R., & Alexander, M.R. (2001), exploring self-talk and affective states in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19,469-475
- Ingram, R. E. (1989), Unique and shared cognitive factors in social anxiety and depression: Automatic thinking and self-appraisal. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8, 198–208
- Ingram, R. E., Kendall, P. C., Smith, T. W., Donnell, C., & Ronan, K. (1987), Cognitive specificity in emotional distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 734–742.
- Joorman J., Dkane M., Gotlib L H. (2006), Adaptive and maladaptive components of rumination? Diagnosis specifity and relation to depression biases. Journal of BehaviorTherapy.37, 267-280.
- Kendall, P. C., &Chansky, T. E. (1991), considering cognition in anxiety-disordered children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 5, 167–185.
- Kendall, P. C., & Ingram,R. (1989), Cognitive-behavioral perspective: Theory and research on depression and anxiety. In P. C. Kendall&D.Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinct and overlappingfeatures (pp. 27–54). New York: Academic Press.
- Moore R G, Garland A (2003), Cognitive therapy for chronic and persistent depression. Wiley press.
- Nolen- Hoksima s., & Davis C.G (1999), "thank for sharing that", Rumination and other social support network. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 77,801-814.
- Nolen- Hoksima S. (2000), The role of rumination in depressive disorder and mixed depressive/anxiety symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 109, 504-511.
- Papageorgios C., & Wells A. (2001), Process and meta cognitive dimension of depressive and anxious thought relationship with emotional intensity. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 6, 152-162.
- Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Rivera, P. M., &Petitpas, A. J. (1994), the relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior players’ match performances. Journal of Sport andExercise Psychology, 16, 400–415.
- Weaver, R L &Cottell H W. (1987), the bitch factor: Dealing with negative criticism. Presented at Massachusettsconfrance.
- Weinberg, R. S. (1988), The mental advantage: Developing your psychological skills in tennis. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.