Comparing the behavioral activation system and the behavioral inhibition system in runaway girls with normal girls
Subject Areas : Woman and family
Keywords: Runaway Girls, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system,
Abstract :
The problem of girls running away from their homes has increased in the society in the recent years. It is one of the social problems and controlling it requires strong management. But besides this factor, character attributions and personal motivation play a significant role causing this problem.This study is from the retrospective type.To carry out these research 120 subjects (60 runaway and 60 normal girls) were chosen. The runaway girls between 11 to 30 years in age, who were arrested in 1390-1391 by police and handed over to Tabriz Social Emergency Center, were chosen. The normal girls were equalized with runaway girls according to their age, level of education, and financial level. In this study Carver and White’s activation/inhibition behavioral systems module were used. The results of the findings in the research showed that the difference between two groups of runaway and normal girls in behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system was different and both systems were more active in runaway girls.The difference between activation/ inhibition behavioral systems in runaway and normal girls was meaningful. Theoretical and research based challenges in finding the character attribution has opened a new window to the questions the researches have thought for decades. For this reason the efforts of the research has been focused on studying the character attribution responsible in girl’s running away from their houses.
- ابوالفتحی، یدلله؛ عابدی، حیدرعلی؛ توکلی، خسرو و نصیری، محمودی (1385)، تعیین سطوح پیشگیری در پدیده فرار از منزل. مقاله ارائه شده در دومین کنگره سراسری آسیب شناسی خانواده در ایران،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، پژوهشکده خانواده، تهران.
- احدی، ح.، لطفی کاشانی، ف (1386)، ویژگیهای دختران فراری و عادی.روانشناسی کاربردی،(1)4، 22-14.
- برزگر،ص (1382)، فراردختران. قم: نشرجمال.
- بهبودی،م(1378)، مقایسه سبک اسناد علی زنان ویژه بازداشت شده با زنان عادی . پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
- حسینیان،س.،زهرایی،ش.، خدابخشیکولایی، آ (1384)، مقایسه و ارتباط عملکرد خانواده و سلامت روانی جوانان فراری از خانه با نوجوانان عادی. تازه ها و پژوهش های مشاوره( 16):46-25.
- رسولزاده طباطبایی، ک.، بشارت م. ع.، بازیاری م (1384)، بررسی مقایسهای ویژگیهای شخصیتی، شرایط اجتماعی و اقتصادی دختران فراری و دختران غیرفراری. دانشور رفتار(10): 34-23.
- زادپرور،ط(1372)، بررسی ومقایسه ویژگیهای روانی-شخصیتی بزهکاران وافرادعادی در شهرست اناصفهان. پایان نامه جهت اخذکارشناسی روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان.
- زرگر، ف.، مرادی، ا.، ایمانی، س (1387)، مقایسه ویژگیهای شخصیتی زنان و دختران فراری و عادی در شهر اصفهان.اندیشه و رفتار، 3(10) :47-58.
- سعیدی،م(1373)، بررسی علل فرار نوجوانان از خانه. پایان نامه جهت اخذ کارشناسی ارشد علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
- صمدیراد (1381)، بررسی عوامل اجتماعی وخانوادگی مؤثربرفراردختران. خلاصه مقالات اولین همایش ملی آسیبهای اجتماعی در ایران، 16.
- صوفی، ج (1374)، مقایسه نیمرخ روانی دختران بیسرپرست در مراکز بازپروری بهزیستی تهران با دختران تحت سرپرستی والدین با آزمون MMPI..پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشدروانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی رودهن.
- قلی زاده، آ. و نادی، م (1382)، ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی دختران فراری بزه دیده و علل فرار آنها از خانه در شهر اصفهان. مجموعه مقالات اولین همایش تبیین علمی بزه دیدگان و راهکارهای پیشگیرانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان.
- قلیزاده، ز.، بخشیپور،ع.، باباپورخیرالدین، ج (1388)، بررسی عوامل شخصیتی، محیطی و سبک حل مساله موثربر فرار دختران از منزل.پژوهشهای نوین روانشناختی، 4(13):139-159.
- عبداللهی مجارشین، ر (1385)، رابطه سیستم بازداری و فعالسازی رفتاری با سوگیری حافظه ناآشکار در افراد افسرده. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز.
- معظمی گودرزی،ب (1380)، بررسی تاثیر آموزش تنشزدایی تدریجی و مهارتهای حل مساله بر میزان تنیدگی و شیوههای مواجهه دختران فراری، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
- وزیری،ش.، لطفی کاشانی، ف (1390)، انگیزش گریز: آسیبشناسی فرار از خانه. فصلنامه پژوهش اجتماعی، (4)3 : 96-85.
- ArjomandKermani, R., Rajabzadeh, A. (2011), Survey of the Facts That Affect Home Runway of Female Students in Tehran City.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(4), 521-529
- Berliner, L., & Elliot, D. (2002), Sextual abuse of children: The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd edpp 55-78) thousand oars, CA: Sage.
- Bervin, C.R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000), Meta analysis of risk factors for posttrumatic stress disorder in trauma – exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68,748-766.
- Brosan L, Hoppitt L, ShelferL, Sillence A, Mackintosh B.(2011), Cognitive bias modification for attention and interpretation reduces trait and state anxiety in girlls that Run away from home. J BehavExp Psychiant;42:258-64.
- Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994), Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319–333.
- Carver CS(2006),Approach, avoidance, and the selfregulation of affect and action.Motive Emotion., (30): 105-110.
- Corr, P. J. (2004), Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality.Personality Individual Difference. 28(1): 317-32.
- Conner, M. G. (2001), Understanding and Preventing Teenage Runaways.Retrievedfrom:http://WWW.crisiscounseling.com.
- Danielle CV, James PD, Kurt HB, Jason WA, Pradeep S, Michael TS (2009), Carver and Whites(1994) BIS/BAS scales and their relationship to risky health behaviors. Per IndivDiffer; (47): 89-93.
- Davidson R J(1992), Emotion and affective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychol Sci. 1992; (3): 39-43.
- De Man, A. F. (2000),Predictors of adolescent running away behavior.Social Behavior and Personality, 28, 261-268.
- Dilworth, K. (2000), Literature Review (Teenage Pregnancy). Retrieved from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca dea/publications/ reduce_teen _pregnancy _section _2 _ e.html.
- Eitle, D. (2005), The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure-adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting; Addictive Behaviors, 30, 963-980.
- Farrow, J. A., Deisher, R.W., Brown, R., Kulig, J. W., Kipke, M. D.(1992), Health and health needs of homeless and runaway youth: A positionpaper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of AdolescentHealth, 13(8), 717-726.
- FowlesDC (1994), A motivational theory of psychopathology. In W.D. Spaulding (Ed), integrative views of motivation, cognition, and emotion: Nebraska symposium on motivation.Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 181-238.
- Gray JA (1990), Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition.Cogn Emotion. (4): 269-288
- Gennadij G, KnyazevG(2004), Behavioural activation as predictor of substance use: mediating and moderating role of attitudes and social relationships. Drug Alcohol Depen. , (75):309-321.
- Greenwald, H. (1975),The elegant prostitute. New York: Walker and Co.
- Groleger, U., Tomori, M., &Kocmur, M. (2003),Suicidal ideation in adolescent an indicator of actual risk. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 40, 202-208.
- Jamison, R. (2003), Runaway Juvenile Crime? The context of juvenile crime arrests.Retrievedfrom:,http://www.cjcj.org/pubs/ runaway.html.
- Kalnin AJ, Edwards CR, Willia YW.(2011), The interacting role of violence exposure and aggressive-disruptive behavior in adolescent that run away from home. J Psychiat Res: Neur; 192:12-9
- Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Honkanen, R., Viinamaki, Heikkila, K., Kaprio, J., &Koskenvuo, M. (2001), Life satisfaction and suicide: A-20year follow-up study. American Jornal of Psychiatry, 158(3), 433-439.
- Lewis, M. (1991), Child and adolescent psychology: A comprehensive textbook, London: Kowkab.
- Looise KL, Israel C.(2008), Perceived anxiety control as a mediator of the relationship between family tability and run away. J AnxDisord ;22:1454-61.
- Manly, J.T. , Kim, J.E , Rogosch, F. A., &Cicchetti, D . (2002), Dimensions of child maltreatment and childrens adjustment: Dvelopmental and Psychoputhology, 13,759-782.
- McEvoy PM, Mahoney EJ(2011), Achieving certainty about the structure of treatmentseeking sample with anxiety and depression in girl run away from home. J AnxDisord ;25:112-22.
- Melinda F. Cannon, Carl F.(2010), Weems Cognitive biases in girls with run away from home Do interpretive and judgment biases distinguish run away youth from their nonrunaway? J AnxDisord .24:751-8.
- Paradise, M., Cauce, A.M. (2002), Home Street Home: The Interpersonal Dimensions of Adolescent Homelessness, Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 1, 223-238.
- Parker, J. S., & Benson, M. J. (2004), Parent-adolescent relations and adolescent functioning: Self-esteen, substance abuse, and delinquency. Adolescence. Roslyn Heights: Fall, Vol. 39, Iss. 155; pg. 519, 12 pgs
- Ribberi L, Hoppitt L, Shelfer L, Sillence A.(2008), Aggressive: a survey of attitudes, opinions and behaviors. J SafRes; 39:375- 81.
- Robinson, D.L,(1998),Sex diffrences in brain activity,personality and intelligence; A test of arousability theory .personality and individual diffrences. 25.1133-1152.
- Rozental K, Boos A, Dalbert C, Schöps D, Hoyer J(2006), Posttraumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety of girls victims. J Gen Hos Psychiatry ;40:1075-84.
- Rosenthal, D., Mallett, S., & Myers, P. (2006), Why do homeless youngpeople leave home? Australian and New Zealand, Journal of PublicHealth, 30, 281-185.
- Sahin, N., Timor, S., &Ergin, A. (2010), Childhood trauma, type of marriage and self-esteem as correlates of domestic violence in married women in Turkey. Journal of Family Violence, 7(25), 661-668.
- Schultz, DP (1990), Theories of Personality. 4th end. New York, Macmillan, 44-99.
- Sherman SS, Plitt S, Hassan S, Cheng Y, Zafar ST.(2005), Drug use, street survival, and risk behaviors among run away children in Lahore, Pakistan. J Health: Bull Am AcadMed; 82:113-24.
- Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., & Conger, R. D. (2004), identifying the mechanisms whereby family religiosity influences the probability of adolescent antisocial behavior. Journal of Comparative Family Studies.Vol. 35, Iss. 4; pg. 547, 17 pgs
- Slobodskaya, H. R., Safronova, M. V., Knyazev, G. G. & Wilson, D. (2001), Development of a shortform of the Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire. Research institute of physiology Russia and institute of psychiatry university of London.
- Steinberg, L. (2002), The juvenile psychopath: Fads, fiction, and facts.l
- Stephan, Z., Levine &Chirs, J. (2004), Eysenck theory of crime revisited: Factors of primary scales? British Pychological Society, 9, 135-152.
- Sullivan, P. M., & Knutson, J. F. (2000), The prevalence of disabilities & maltreatment among runaway children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 1275-1288.
- Van der Linden D, Taris TW, Beckers DJG, Kindt KB(2007), Reinforcement sensitivity theory and occupational health: BIS and BAS on the job. J PersIndividDif; 42(6):1127- 38.
- Warren, J. I., Burnette, M., South, S. C., Chaauhan, P., & Friend, R. (2002), The relationship between narcisstic and anatisocial personalities.Saint Bonaventure University.