The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body deformity disorder
Mojtaba Aghili
1
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran (corresponding author). Sm.aghili@pnu.ac.ir
)
Fereshteh Ahmadi Tabatabaee
2
(
Master of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Gorgan, Iran
)
Arezou Asghari
3
(
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
)
Submited date : 2023-04-21
Accepted date : 2023-11-05
Keywords:
emotion regulation,
Emotional regulation,
body image,
self-interpretation,
Abstract :
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation and impersonal emotion regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design along with the experimental and control group. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the girls suffering from body dysmorphia in Poyesh Fahim Clinic in Tehran in 2021, from whom 30 people were randomly selected by convenience sampling and divided into two experimental groups (15 people). and the control group (15 people) were replaced. The research tools were modified Yale-Brown scale for body deformity disorder, Hardin's self-interpretation questionnaire and Hoffman's interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire. The group received the emotion regulation skill test based on the Gross model during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The results showed that emotion regulation training had a significant effect on self-interpretation and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder (P<0.05). Based on the research findings, it can be said that emotional regulation training has led to a decrease in independent self-interpretation and an increase in interpersonal emotional regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder.
References:
1 Salehi, N., Eftekhar Saadi, Z., & Barna, M. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy and training cognitive emotion regulation strategies on resilience and self-efficacy of female students with non-clinical depression. Scientific Journal of Social Psychology, 9(60), P.p: 59-73. [Persian]
2 Bos, L., Vulink, N., Broers, D., & Bildt, M. (2021). Mental disorders in the dental practice. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 128(5), P.p: 263-268.
3 Angelakis, I., Gooding, P., & Panagioti, M. (2016). Suicidality in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 49(1), P.p: 55-66.
4 Borgers, T., Kürten, M., & Kappelhoff, A. (2022). Brain functional correlates of emotional face processing in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 147(3), P.p: 103-110.
5 Khoshini, F., Akbari, M., & Mohammadkhani, S. (2021). The structural relationship of body dysmorphic disorder with early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional invalidation: the mediating role of metacognition, body image, and distress tolerance. Clinical psychology and personality, 19(2), P.p: 101-119. [Persian]
6 Sucupira, S., Brito, M., Leite, A., Aihara, E., Neto, M., & Ferreira, L. (2021). Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Personality in Breast Augmentation: The Big-Five Personality Traits and BDD Symptoms. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 14(11), P.p: 17-26.
7 Herbst, I., & Jemec, G. (2020). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Dermatology: a Systematic Review, Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), P.p: 1003-1010.
8 Chinchanachokchai, S., & Pusaksrikit, T. (2020). The role of self-construal in romantic gift posting across Social Networking Sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 117(4), P.p: 66-75.
9 Meng, X., Mu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2022). Self-construal and generalized trust predict first impressions from faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 191(1), P.p: 153-162.
10 Arabzadeh, M. (2017). The role of self-interpretation in predicting students' social problem solving ability. Sociology of Education, 3(1), P.p: 169-180. [Persian]
11 Cao, X., Luo, Z., Qiu, J., & Liu, Y. (2022). Does ostracism impede Chinese tourist self-disclosure on WeChat? The perspective of social anxiety and self-construal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50(3), P.p: 178-187.
12 Kim, J., Brockner, J., & Block, C. (2022). Tailoring the intervention to the self: Congruence between self-affirmation and self-construal mitigates the gender gap in quantitative performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 169(3), P.p: 41-53.
13 Asgari, M., & Metini, A. (2020). The effect of emotion regulation training by Gross method on impulsivity of smoking students. Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 11(42), P.p: 205-230. [Persian]
14 Mendes, A., Ferreira, C., & Marta-Simões, J. (2017). Experiential avoidance versus decentering abilities: The role of different emotional processes on disordered Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesit, 22(3), P.p: 467-474.
15 Khosh Zamir, S., & Binesh, M. (2016). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional creativity with students' mental health. Research in educational systems, 10(33), P.p: 85-100. [Persian]
16 Sanders, M., Turner, K., & Metzler, C. (2019). Applying self-regulation principles in the delivery of parenting interventions. Clinical child and family psychology review, 22(1), P.p: 24-42.
17 Gratz, K., Weiss, N., & Tull, M. (2015). Examining Emotion Regulation as an Outcome, Mechanism, or Target of Psychological Treatments. Curr Opin Psychol, 3(1), P.p: 85-90.
18 Razakpour, M., & Hosseinzadeh, A. (2019). The mediating role of emotional cognitive regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and somatization symptoms of female students. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 13(2), p: 295-316. [Persian]
19 Emam Doost, Z., Teymouri, S., Khoynejad, G., & Rajaei, A. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and reality therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Psychological Sciences, 19(89), P.p: 647-655. [Persian]
20 Karimi, S., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). The relationship between emotion regulation and resilience strategies with marital adjustment in female teachers. Psychological Sciences, 19(87), P.p: 291-298. [Persian]
21 Gross, J., & Thompson, A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation, New York: Guilford Press.
22 Fernandez, C., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. (2016). Emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic perspective on a new RDoC domain. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(1), P.p: 426- 440.
23 Alidosti, F., Jangi, F., & Shujaifar, S. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on emotion regulation, anxiety and depression of mothers with mentally retarded children. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(1), P.p: 69-80. [Persian]
24 Shibani, H. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotion regulation training on irritability, depression, anxiety, stress and emotional regulation of adolescents with destructive mood dysregulation disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(2), P.p: 114-106. [Persian]
25 Samdanjad Azar, Z., Poursharifi, H., & Babapour, J. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training in reducing social anxiety in teenage girls with symptoms of body deformity disorder, the first national conference of child and adolescent clinical psychology, Ardabil. [Persian]
26 Kerami, R., Sharifi, T., Nikkhah, M., & Ghazanfari, A. (2019). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on reducing rumination and social anxiety in female students with a 60-day follow-up. Health Education and Health Promotion, 7(1), P.p: 1-9. [Persian]
27 Amiri, F., Viskarmi, H., & Sephoundi, A. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training on emotional creativity and mental vitality of gifted students in the first year of high school. Cognitive Analytical Psychology Quarterly, 9(33), P.p: 47-57. [Persian]
28 Nuncy, A. (2021). Exploring the Impacts of Response-focused Emotion Regulation Strategies on Psychophysiology, Cognition, Affect, and Social Consequences. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), P.p: 14-21.
29 Yang, W., Shen, B., & Yu, X. (2021). The effectiveness of self-regulatory training on positive strategies of emotional regulation and individual self-efficacy. System, 103(1), P.p: 26-33.
30 Gunstad, J., & Phillips, K. (2013). Axis I comorbidity in body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 44(4), P.p: 270-276.
31 Sarwer, D. (2019). Body image, cosmetic surgery, and minimally invasive treatments. Body Image, 31(1), P.p: 302-308.
32 Phillips, K., Hollander, E., Rasmussen, S., Aronowitz, B., DeCaria, C., & Goodman, W. (1997). A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the YaleBrown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 33(1), P.p: 17-22.
33 Demarchali, N., Kakavand, A., & Jalali, M. (2017). Development of a model of the relationship between social anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder: the mediating role of fear of positive and negative evaluation. Psychological Studies, 13(2), P.p: 113-132. [Persian]
34 Hardin, E., Leong, F., & Bhagwat, A. (2004). Factor structure of the Self Construal Scale: Implications for the multi-dimensionality of self-construal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(1), P.p: 327-345.
35 Alwandifar, S., Kadior, P., & Arabzadeh, M. (2017). Investigating the mediating role of self-interpretation in the relationship between self-esteem and creativity in third-year male students in Karaj. Innovation and creativity in humanities, 7(3), P.p: 163-194. [Persian]
36 Hofmann, S., Heering, S., Sawyer, A., & Asnaani, A. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(1), P.p: 389-394.
37 Lotfi, M., Shiasy, Y., Amini, M., Mansori, K., Hamzezade, S., & Salehi, A. (2020). Investigating Psychometric Properties of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in University Students. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 30(185), P.p: 74-85. [Persian]
_||_
1 Salehi, N., Eftekhar Saadi, Z., & Barna, M. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy and training cognitive emotion regulation strategies on resilience and self-efficacy of female students with non-clinical depression. Scientific Journal of Social Psychology, 9(60), P.p: 59-73. [Persian]
2 Bos, L., Vulink, N., Broers, D., & Bildt, M. (2021). Mental disorders in the dental practice. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 128(5), P.p: 263-268.
3 Angelakis, I., Gooding, P., & Panagioti, M. (2016). Suicidality in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 49(1), P.p: 55-66.
4 Borgers, T., Kürten, M., & Kappelhoff, A. (2022). Brain functional correlates of emotional face processing in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 147(3), P.p: 103-110.
5 Khoshini, F., Akbari, M., & Mohammadkhani, S. (2021). The structural relationship of body dysmorphic disorder with early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional invalidation: the mediating role of metacognition, body image, and distress tolerance. Clinical psychology and personality, 19(2), P.p: 101-119. [Persian]
6 Sucupira, S., Brito, M., Leite, A., Aihara, E., Neto, M., & Ferreira, L. (2021). Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Personality in Breast Augmentation: The Big-Five Personality Traits and BDD Symptoms. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 14(11), P.p: 17-26.
7 Herbst, I., & Jemec, G. (2020). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Dermatology: a Systematic Review, Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), P.p: 1003-1010.
8 Chinchanachokchai, S., & Pusaksrikit, T. (2020). The role of self-construal in romantic gift posting across Social Networking Sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 117(4), P.p: 66-75.
9 Meng, X., Mu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2022). Self-construal and generalized trust predict first impressions from faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 191(1), P.p: 153-162.
10 Arabzadeh, M. (2017). The role of self-interpretation in predicting students' social problem solving ability. Sociology of Education, 3(1), P.p: 169-180. [Persian]
11 Cao, X., Luo, Z., Qiu, J., & Liu, Y. (2022). Does ostracism impede Chinese tourist self-disclosure on WeChat? The perspective of social anxiety and self-construal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50(3), P.p: 178-187.
12 Kim, J., Brockner, J., & Block, C. (2022). Tailoring the intervention to the self: Congruence between self-affirmation and self-construal mitigates the gender gap in quantitative performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 169(3), P.p: 41-53.
13 Asgari, M., & Metini, A. (2020). The effect of emotion regulation training by Gross method on impulsivity of smoking students. Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 11(42), P.p: 205-230. [Persian]
14 Mendes, A., Ferreira, C., & Marta-Simões, J. (2017). Experiential avoidance versus decentering abilities: The role of different emotional processes on disordered Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesit, 22(3), P.p: 467-474.
15 Khosh Zamir, S., & Binesh, M. (2016). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional creativity with students' mental health. Research in educational systems, 10(33), P.p: 85-100. [Persian]
16 Sanders, M., Turner, K., & Metzler, C. (2019). Applying self-regulation principles in the delivery of parenting interventions. Clinical child and family psychology review, 22(1), P.p: 24-42.
17 Gratz, K., Weiss, N., & Tull, M. (2015). Examining Emotion Regulation as an Outcome, Mechanism, or Target of Psychological Treatments. Curr Opin Psychol, 3(1), P.p: 85-90.
18 Razakpour, M., & Hosseinzadeh, A. (2019). The mediating role of emotional cognitive regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and somatization symptoms of female students. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 13(2), p: 295-316. [Persian]
19 Emam Doost, Z., Teymouri, S., Khoynejad, G., & Rajaei, A. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and reality therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Psychological Sciences, 19(89), P.p: 647-655. [Persian]
20 Karimi, S., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). The relationship between emotion regulation and resilience strategies with marital adjustment in female teachers. Psychological Sciences, 19(87), P.p: 291-298. [Persian]
21 Gross, J., & Thompson, A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation, New York: Guilford Press.
22 Fernandez, C., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. (2016). Emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic perspective on a new RDoC domain. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(1), P.p: 426- 440.
23 Alidosti, F., Jangi, F., & Shujaifar, S. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on emotion regulation, anxiety and depression of mothers with mentally retarded children. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(1), P.p: 69-80. [Persian]
24 Shibani, H. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotion regulation training on irritability, depression, anxiety, stress and emotional regulation of adolescents with destructive mood dysregulation disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(2), P.p: 114-106. [Persian]
25 Samdanjad Azar, Z., Poursharifi, H., & Babapour, J. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training in reducing social anxiety in teenage girls with symptoms of body deformity disorder, the first national conference of child and adolescent clinical psychology, Ardabil. [Persian]
26 Kerami, R., Sharifi, T., Nikkhah, M., & Ghazanfari, A. (2019). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on reducing rumination and social anxiety in female students with a 60-day follow-up. Health Education and Health Promotion, 7(1), P.p: 1-9. [Persian]
27 Amiri, F., Viskarmi, H., & Sephoundi, A. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training on emotional creativity and mental vitality of gifted students in the first year of high school. Cognitive Analytical Psychology Quarterly, 9(33), P.p: 47-57. [Persian]
28 Nuncy, A. (2021). Exploring the Impacts of Response-focused Emotion Regulation Strategies on Psychophysiology, Cognition, Affect, and Social Consequences. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), P.p: 14-21.
29 Yang, W., Shen, B., & Yu, X. (2021). The effectiveness of self-regulatory training on positive strategies of emotional regulation and individual self-efficacy. System, 103(1), P.p: 26-33.
30 Gunstad, J., & Phillips, K. (2013). Axis I comorbidity in body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 44(4), P.p: 270-276.
31 Sarwer, D. (2019). Body image, cosmetic surgery, and minimally invasive treatments. Body Image, 31(1), P.p: 302-308.
32 Phillips, K., Hollander, E., Rasmussen, S., Aronowitz, B., DeCaria, C., & Goodman, W. (1997). A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the YaleBrown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 33(1), P.p: 17-22.
33 Demarchali, N., Kakavand, A., & Jalali, M. (2017). Development of a model of the relationship between social anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder: the mediating role of fear of positive and negative evaluation. Psychological Studies, 13(2), P.p: 113-132. [Persian]
34 Hardin, E., Leong, F., & Bhagwat, A. (2004). Factor structure of the Self Construal Scale: Implications for the multi-dimensionality of self-construal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(1), P.p: 327-345.
35 Alwandifar, S., Kadior, P., & Arabzadeh, M. (2017). Investigating the mediating role of self-interpretation in the relationship between self-esteem and creativity in third-year male students in Karaj. Innovation and creativity in humanities, 7(3), P.p: 163-194. [Persian]
36 Hofmann, S., Heering, S., Sawyer, A., & Asnaani, A. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(1), P.p: 389-394.
37 Lotfi, M., Shiasy, Y., Amini, M., Mansori, K., Hamzezade, S., & Salehi, A. (2020). Investigating Psychometric Properties of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in University Students. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 30(185), P.p: 74-85. [Persian]
