The Effectiveness of Reality Therapy on Worry and Rumination in the Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability

Subject Areas : Psychology

Behzad Taghipuor ¹ , Maryam Toosi ² , Fariba Abdi ³

1 - University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Psychology, Ardabil, Iran.
2 - Islamic Azad University Buin zahra Branch, Department of General Psychology, Buin Zahra, Iran.
3 - Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch, Department of Clinical Psychology, Ardabil, Iran.

Received: 2022-04-07 Accepted : 2022-05-16 Published : 2022-06-22

Keywords: worry, reality therapy, rumination,

Abstract :

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of reality therapy on worry and rumination in the mothers of children with intellectual disability. The statistical population was whole client mothers of the children with intellectual disability in Ardabil Seyed Hatami comprehensive health clinic in the year 2021. 30 mothers were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal experimental and control. Experimental group received 8 weeks of reality therapy 90 minutes each session, and two months later, the follow-up phase was done. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) of Meyer, Miller, Metzqer and Borkovec (1990) and Rumination Response Scale(RRS) of Nolen-Houseman and Moro (1991) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up to assess the subjects. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result showed that reality therapy was effective on worry and rumination. Therefore, it could be said that the reality therapy reduced worry and rumination scores in mothers of children with intellectual disability and the result were consistent in follow-up.

References:

Altourah, A. J., Alansari, A. M & Jahrami, H. A. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress among mothers of children with Autism spectrum disorder. Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 42(2), 125-128. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341592730

Arya, A., Verma, S., Roy, D., Gupta, P. K & Jawaid, F. (2019). A study of burden of care among mothers of mentally retarded children and adolescents attending child and adolescent psychiatry OPD in a tertiary care center in North India. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 22(2), 238-249. URL: https://searchworks-lb.stanford.edu/articles/edsijc__diva.ijphrd.8.2.006

Azad, M., Khaki, S., & Farhadi, T. (2021). The effects of online reality therapy on anxiety and psychological distress in treated patients from covid-19. Psychological Achievements, 28(2), 1-20. [Persian] URL: https://psychac.scu.ac.ir/article_17198.html?lang=fa

Baker, K., Devine, R. T., Ng-Cordel, E., Raymond, F. L & Hughes, C. (2020). Childhood intellectual disability and patents mental health: integrating social, psychological and genetic influences. Journal of Psychiatry, 9(1), 1-8. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157975/

Benbow, A. A., & Anderson, P. L. (2019). A meta-analytic examination of attrition in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 61(1), 18-26. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646997/

Dehshiri, Q. R., Golzari, M., Borjali, A & Dohrabi, F. (2010). Psychometrics particularity of farsi version of Pennsylvania state worry Questionnaire for college students. Clinical Psychology, 1(4), 67-75. [Persian] URL: https://jcp.semnan.ac.ir/article_1988.html?lang=fa

Eagleasona, C. I., Hayesb, S. R., Mathewsa, A. D., Permand, G, M., & Hirscha, C. R. (2016). The power of positive thinking: Pathological worry is reduced by thought replacement in generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research Therapy, 78(1), 13-18. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26802793/

Glaser, W. (2014). Counseling with choice theory: The new reality therapy. New York: Harper Collins Publisher. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Reality-Therapy-Approach-Psychiatry-Colophon/dp/0060904143

Kim, I., Ekas, N. V., & Hock, R. (2016). Associations between child behavior problems, family management and depression for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research Spectrum Disorders, 26(1), 80-90. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946716300319?via%3Dihub

Kumari, S & Kiran, M. (2020). Parenting stress, psychological wellbeing and social support in mothers of children with menyal retardation. International Journal of Scientific Research, 9(1), 57-60. URL: https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/

LaFreniero, L. S., & Newman, M. (2020). Exposing worry deceit: Percentage of untrue worries in generalized anxiety disorder treatment. Journal Behavior Therapy, 51(3), 413-423. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32402257/

Mason, C. (2016). Using reality therapy trained group counselors in comprehensive school counseling programs to decrease the academic achievement gap. International Journal of Choice Theory and Reality Therapy, 2(1), 14-25. URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1792791425

Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzqer, R. L. & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487-495. URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076086/

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(4), 569. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1757671/

Pahlevani, A., & AmirKhani, J. (2021). The effectiveness of reality therapy on cop[ing strategies and mental rumination of couples. Journal psychology New Ideas, 12(16), 1-13. [Persian] URL: https://jnip.ir/article-1-676-fa.html

Prezman, S., & Murphy, R. M. (2016). Effects of teaching control theory and reality therapy as an approach to reducing disruptive behaviors in middle school physical education. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 57(1), 149-150. URL: https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/listing.aspx?id=27043

Seah, T. H., Aurora, P., & Coifman, K. (2020). Emotional differentiation as a protective factor against the behavioral consequences of rumination: a conceptual replication and extension in the context of social anxiety. Journal Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 135-148. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32005331/

Shovaichi, J. (2020). The effectiveness of reality therapy training on self-care and self-regulation of men with physical and mental disabilities. Psychological Achievements, 27(1), 247-264. [Persian] URL: https://psychac.scu.ac.ir/article_15649.html?lang=en

Steinfurth, C. K. E., Alius, G. M., Wendt, J. & Hamm, O. A. (2017). Physiological and neural correlates of worry and rumination: Support for the contrast avoidance model of worry. Psychophysiology, 54(2), 161-171. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27766641/

Stevens, E., Jendrusina, A., Legrand, A., Nahin, E., Kaufman, M., Borkovec, T. D., & Behar, E. (2018). The effects of worry and relaxation on flexibility during cognitive restructuring. Journal Behavior Modification, 42(6), 838-863. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445517732272

Taghipuor, B., & Barzegaran, R. (2019). The effectiveness of group existence therapy on self-compassion and resilience of mothers with children with intellectual disability.  Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 20(2), 100-109. [Persian] URL: https://jsr-p.isfahan.iau.ir/article_665339.html?lang=fa

Taghipuor, B., Basharpoor, S., & Narimani, M. (2020). The effectiveness o  group gestalt therapy on anxiety sensitivity, rumination of women with panic disorder. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 15(59), 1-13. [Persian] URL: https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_11408.html?lang=fa

Tofighi, M., Babakhani, V., Gamari, H., & Pooyamanesh. (2021). Comparing the effects of dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy on affective control in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 9(10), 59-66. [Persian] URL: https://frooyesh.ir/article-1-2347-fa.html

Tousignant, O. H., Taylor, N. D., Suvak, M. K., & Fireman, G. D. (2019). Effects of rumination and worry on sleep. Behavior Therapy, 50(3), 558-570. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31030873/