Examining the Causal Relationship Model of Neuroticism with Emotional Divorce Based on the Mediation of Emotional Regulation in Women's Cultural Background
Subject Areas : Psychology
Seyedeh Kosar Majidi
1
,
Mahdi Akbari
2
1 - Master's Degree, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Science, Farhangian University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Neuroticism, Emotional divorce, Emotion regulation, Culture,
Abstract :
The aim of the present study was to examine the causal relationship model between neuroticism and emotional divorce with the mediation of emotional regulation (reappraisal and emotional suppression) in women's cultural background. The statistical population of the research included all the women who referred to counseling and psychology centers in Amol city in the academic year 1402-1401, of which 308 subjects were selected by convenient sampling method. The research method was correlational. To collect data, the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire of Mohammadi and colleagues (2014); The Big Five Personality Factors of Costa and McCarey (1992) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire of Gross and John (2003) were implemented. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis by AMOS-24 and SPSS-26 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that neuroticism had a negative direct effect on reappraisal and a positive direct effect on emotional suppression and emotional divorce (P < 0.05). Also, reappraisal had negative effect on emotional divorce and emotional suppression and a positive effect on emotional divorce. The results of path analysis indicated that neuroticism had mediating effect on women's emotional divorce through the mediator variable of reappraisal and emotional suppression. Therefore, neuroticism and emotional regulation were effective on emotional divorce in women.
Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(7-8), 493-501. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.004.
Aldinger, M., Stopsack, M ., Ulrich, I., Appel, K., Reinelt, E., Wolff, S., Grabe, H. J., Lang, S., & Barnow, S. (2014). Neuroticism developmental courses - Implications for depression, anxiety and everyday emotional experience; a prospective study from adolescence to young adulthood. Biomedcentral Psychiatry, 14, 210. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0210-2
ALshahrani, H., & Hammad, M. (2023). Impact of emotional divorce on the mental health of married women in Saudi Arabia. Public Library of Science, 18(11), e0293285. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0293285.
Amani, R., Nooreini, S. N., & Farhadi, M. (2021). The structural model of emotional divorce based on neuroticism through the mediating role of coping strategies and emotional regulation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 62(3), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2021.1871833
Askari-Nodoushan, A., Shams Ghahfarokhi, M., & Shams Ghahfarrokhi, F. (2019). An Analysis of the Socioeconomic Characteristics of Divorce in Iran. Strategic Research on Social Problems, 8(2), 1-16. [Persian] DOI: 10.22108/srspi.2019.116983.1402.
Ascher, E. A., Sturm, V. E., Seider, B. H., Holley, S. R., Miller Bruce, L., & Levenson, R. W. (2010). Relationship satisfaction and emotional language in frodementia and alzheimer disease patients d spusal cregiers. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders, 24, 49-55. URL: https://doi.org/10.1097%2FWAD.0b013e3181bd66a3.
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive emotion regulation: Implications for subjective and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 125-143. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9587-3.
Bigdeli, I., Najafy, M., & Rostami , M. (2013).The Relation of Attachment Styles, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience to Well-being among Students of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13 (9), 721-729 .URL: http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2694-fa.html
Boertien, D., Von Scheve, C., & Park, M. (2017). Can personality explain the educational gradient in divorce? Evidence from a nationally representative panel survey. Journal of Family Issues, 38(10), 1339–1362. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15585811.
Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. W., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, 48–67. DOI:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48.
Chen, L., Liu, X., Weng, X., Huang, M., Weng, Y., Zeng, H., &et al. (2023). The emotion regulation mechanism in neurotic individuals: The potential role of mindfulness and cognitive bias. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public, 20(2), 896. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20020896.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6), 653–665. DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I.
Damo, D.D., Cenci ,C.M.B. (2021). Emotional divorce: similarities and differences according to the position occupied. Trends in Psychology, 29(3), 505–18. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00088-w.
English, T., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation in relationships. England Oxford University Press: Jeffry A. Simpson (ed.), Lorne Campbell (ed.). URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398694.013.0022
Esplin, C. R. (2022). Neuroticism and Relationship Quality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Theses phd and Dissertations. Brigham Young University. City Little Provo10146. URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/10146
Eyvazi., M. A. (2007). Islamic culture: concepts, characteristics and principles. Zamane, 58, 18-28. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/269589.
Frye, N., Ganong, L., Jensen, T., & Coleman, M. (2020). A dyadic analysis of emotion regulation as a moderator of associations between marital conflict and marital satisfaction among first-married and remarried couples. Journal of Family Issues, 41(12), 2328–2355. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20935504.
Fu, X., Tora, J., & Kendall, H. (2001). Marital happiness and inter-racial marriage: A study in a multi-ethnic community in Hawaii. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32, 47–60. DOI:10.3138/jcfs.32.1.47
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. H. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311– 1327 . URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6.
Gharaibeh, M., Al Ali, N., Odeh, J., & Shattnawi, K . (2023). Separate souls under one roof: Jordanian women’s perspectives of emotional divorce. Women's Studies International Forum Elsevier BV, p.102746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102746
Gresham, D., & Gullone, E. (2012). Emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: The explanatory roles of personality and attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 616–621 . URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.016.
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781.
Gross, J. J., Sheppes, G., & Urry, H. L. (2011). Cognition and emotion lecture at the 2010 SPSP emotion preconference: Emotion generation and emotion regulation: A distinction we should make (carefully). Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 765–781. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.555753.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P.(2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes:lmplications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. URL: https://braingym.ir/assessments/questionnaires/42
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson, & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health (pp. 13-35). Washington DC: American Psychological Association. URL: https://doi.org/10.1037/11468-001
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., Corby, E. K. (2009). Emotion regulation: Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 271–291. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3.
Hald, G., Wimmelmann, C., Øverup, C., Cipric , A., Sander, S., & Strizzi, j.m . (2023). Mental health trajectories after juridical divorce: Does personality matter?. Journal Personality, 91(2), 426–440. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12737.
Herd, T., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2022). Developmental changes in emotion regulation during adolescence: Associations with socioeconomic risk and family emotional context. International Journal Of Adolescence And Youth, 49(7), 1545–1557. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01193-2.
Jalalvand, M., Navabinejad, S., Rezazadeh Bahadoran, H. R., & Khosravi Babadi, A. A. (2022). Modeling the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, emotional empathy mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 3(1), 177-206. DOI:10.22034/aftj.2022.305810.1207
Insan, A., & Rosdiyati, Kh. (2022). The effect of emotion regulation on marital flourishing in married couples in sumbawa. Formosa Journal of Social Sciences, 1(4), 399-410. URL: https://doi.org/10.55927/fjss.v1i4.2047
Kappas, A. (2011). Emotion and regulation are one! Emotion Review, 3(1), 17–25. DOI:10.1177/1754073910380971.
Khodadust, S., Ebrahimi Moghaddam, H., Abolmaali, K.(2020). Effect of treatment based on Olson’s Circumplex Model on emotional divorce, relationship beliefs, stress-anxiety-depression among couples exposed to emotional divorce. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(4), 16–32. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.30486/jsrp.2020.584342.1681.
Koçyiğit, M., & Uzun, M. (2024).Couple Burnout and Marital Satisfaction: Serial Mediation by Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, pp.1-19 DOI:10.1080/01926187.2024.2322461.
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Schutte, N. S. (2005). The relationship between the five-factor model of personality and symptoms of clinical disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-005-5384-y
Mohammadi, F., Jokar, M.,& Golestane, M .(2015). Construction, factor analysis and standardization of emotional divorce test. Women and Family Studies Quarterly , 9(34). URL: https://www.royal-it.ir
Qadar, F. (2016). Self-talk: Effects on emotion in interpersonal communication context [MA. thesis]. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/613581
Rashid, K., Hasanvand, F., Nabizadeh, S., & Rashti, A. (2019). Exploring effective external factors on emotional divorce among women. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 7, 117–137. [Persian] DOI: 10.22051/jwfs.2019.16402.1507
Sayehmiri, K., Ibrahim Kareem,K., Abdi, K., Dalvand,S & Ghanei Gheshlagh, R. (2020). The relationship between personality traits and marital satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedcentral Psychology, 8, 15. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-0383-z.
Schoebi, D., & Randall, A. K. (2015). Emotional dynamics in intimate relationships. Emotion Review, 5, 202-210. DOI:10.1177/1754073915590620.
Shah, K. H., & Murali, R. (2019). Impact of neuroticism on alexithymia and marital satisfaction among married men and women. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 6(1), 69-77. DOI:10.30877/IJMH.6.1.2019.69-77.
Velotti , P., Balzarotti , S., Tagliabue , S., English , T. (2015). Emotional suppression in early marriage. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ,33(3), 227-302 DOI:10.1177/0265407515574466.
Waldman , K., & Rubalcava, L. (2005). Psychotherapy with intercultural couples: a contemporary psychodynamic approach. American Journal of Psychology, 59, 227-238. DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2005.59.3.227
Zhang ,Y., & Van Hook, J. (2009). Marital dissolution among interracial couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 95–107 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00582.x.