A review of technologies for remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (overview of physico-mechanical and chemical methods)
Subject Areas : Vibration Transmision
1 - civil engineering, Islamic Azad university, Semnan, Iran.
Keywords: Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Contaminated soil remediation, Ex-situ remediation, in-situ remediation,
Abstract :
Currently, as urbanization and industrialization grow, numerous chemical substances are employed in industrial production, and it has been shown that these varied compounds occur in industrial waste and wastewater. The concentration of poisonous and harmful compounds in the environment is increasing day by day as a result of improper waste disposal, producing soil pollution. As a result, several remediation strategies should be applied to improve soil quality and reduce pollutant concentrations in soil to acceptable levels. In general, there are three types of remediation and cleaning methods for polluted soils: physic-mechanical, chemical, and biological. In addition, when it comes to applying remediation techniques, these are divided into two categories: ex-situ remediation and in-situ remediation. This study attempted to investigate the most important physic-mechanical and chemical treatment methods of heavy metal-contaminated soil by distinguishing both ex-situ and in-situ approaches, and then these methods were appraised from various perspectives. The findings revealed that, when comparing approaches, chemical therapy has the advantage of speedy rectification as well as large-scale application. Furthermore, by combining technologies, it is feasible to improve the strengths and mitigate the shortcomings of each method. Finally, it is advised to apply hybrid optimization methods while developing large-scale applications.