Protective and antioxidant effects of silymarin in sheep with fasciolosis treated by clorsulon
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Mehrzad Aflatooni
1
,
negar panahi
2
*
,
Pejman Mortazavi
3
,
Bahar Shemshadi
4
,
Shapoor Kakoolaki
5
1 - Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
5 - Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran.
Received: 2020-12-27
Accepted : 2021-08-24
Published : 2021-07-23
Keywords:
Malondialdehyde,
total antioxidant capacity,
Ovine Fasciolosis,
pharmacokinetic,
Abstract :
Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses. In the present study, the protective effects of silymarin alone and in combination with clorsulon were investigated in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. For this purpose, 40 Sangsari breed sheep were used, which were divided into five groups, including 1- healthy sheep without treatment 2- fasciolosis affected sheep without treatment 3- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin 4- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with Clorsulon, and 5- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin and clorsulon. Biochemical parameters including triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin, were measured. The serum level of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and hematological parameters were determined and compared among groups. Additionally, histopathological changes were investigated using light microscopy. Biochemical analysis showed significant improvement in bilirubin levels, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin in sheep treated with silymarin and clorsulon (p<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity increased in group treated with silymarin (p<0.05) compared to group 2, and the amount of oxidative stress decreased (p<0.01). Silymarin also improved hematologic factors and prevented a decrease in red blood cells (p<0.05). Liver inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, and hyperplasia of the bile duct decreased significantly with the silymarin and clorsulon group compared to the other groups (p<0.0001). These findings showed that using silymarin in combination with clorsulon improved their therapeutic effects in treatment of ovine fasciolosis through enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship.
References:
Aflatouni, M., Panahi, N., Mortazavi, P., Shemshadi, B. and Kakoolaki, S. (2020). Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin in combination with clorsulon against Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected sheep. Kafkas University Veteriner Fakulty Dergisi, 26(2): 79-285.
Ale-Ebrahim, M., Eidi, A., Mortazavi P., Tavangar, S.M. and Minai Tehrani, D.T. (2015). Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of sodium molybdate in a rat model of bile duct ligation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 29: 242-246.
Alvarez, S., Mainar, J., Perez, G. and Rojo, V. (2006). Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole and albendazole in sheep in Spain. Veterinary Record, 159(13): 424.
Boone, L., Meyer, D., Cusick, P., Ennulat, D., Bolliger, A.P., Everds, N., et al. (2005). Selection and interpretation of clinical pathology indicators of hepatic injury in preclinical studies. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 34(3): 182-188. [In Persian]
Dehghan, A., Ghasrodashti, A.R., Esfandiari, A., Mohebbi-Fani, M., Hoshyar, M.B. and Nayeri, K. (2011). Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin during negative energy balance in sheep. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20(3): 233-238.
Feher, J. and Lengyel, G. (2012). Silymarin in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and primary liver cancer. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(1): 210-217.
Imani, B.A. and Cherghi, S.H. (2016). Coprologic survey on ruminant's fasciolosis in east Azerbaijan province during 2014-2015. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1(2): 109-119. [In Persian]
Keiser J., Veneziano V., Rinaldi L., Mezzino L., Duthaler, U. and Cringoli, G. (2010). Anthelmintic activity of artesunate against Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 88(1): 107-110.
Machicado, C., Machicado, J.D., Maco, V., Terashima, A. and Marcos, L.A. (2016). Association of Fasciola hepatica infection with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer: a systematic review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(9): e0004962.
Martínez-Valladares, M., Cordero-Pérez, C., Rojo, V. and Francisco, A. (2014). Efficacy of an anthelmintic combination in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica resistant to albendazole and clorsulon. Experimental Parasitology, 13659-13662.
Matanović, K., Severin, K., Martinković, , Šimpraga, M., Janicki, Z. and Barišić, J. (2007). Hematological and biochemical changes in organically farmed sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology Research, 101(6): 1657-1661.
Merachew, W. and Alemneh, T. (2020). Review on Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola. Journal of Veterinary Science Medicine, 8(1): 211-216.
Nematollahi, A., Habashizadeh, M., Rafat, S.A. and Moghaddam, G. (2020). Retrospective survey of abundance nematodes in digestive tract of sheep in East Azerbaijan and calculation of correlation between EPG and humidity in mentioned regions. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(4): 329-340. [In Persian]
Nematollahi, A. and Jaafari, R. (2013). Alteration in serum biochemical values of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(24):1697-1701. [In Persian]
Omidi A., Sabzevari S. & Nazifi S. (2016). Alterations of some acute phase proteins, and antioxidant status in sheep following natural infection with some metacestodes, and Sarcocystis spp. Science Parasitology, 17(1): 16-25.
Pérez-Rodríguez, L., Romero-Haro, A.A., Sternalski, A., Muriel, J., Mougeot, F., Gil, D., et al. (2015). Measuring oxidative stress: the confounding effect of lipid concentration in measures of lipid peroxidation. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 88(3): 345-351.
Rehbein, S. and Visser, M. (1999). Efficacy of an injectable ivermectin/clorsulon combination against Fasciola hepatica in sheep. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 162(3-4): 278-284.
Riviere, J.E. and Papich, M.G. (2018). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 10th ed., USA: North Carolina, John Wiley & Sons, pp: 1068-1093
Saadati, D., Nabavi, R., Moradi, M. and Rasekh, M. (2019). A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of Baluchi sheep in Sistan region and its mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(2): 163-176. [In Persian]
Saleh, M.A. (2008). Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology, 154(3-4): 262-269.
Serafini, M. and Del Rio, D. (2004). Understanding the association between dietary antioxidants, redox status and disease: is the total antioxidant capacity the right tool? Redox Report, 9(3): 145-152.
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Aflatouni, M., Panahi, N., Mortazavi, P., Shemshadi, B. and Kakoolaki, S. (2020). Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin in combination with clorsulon against Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected sheep. Kafkas University Veteriner Fakulty Dergisi, 26(2): 79-285.
Ale-Ebrahim, M., Eidi, A., Mortazavi P., Tavangar, S.M. and Minai Tehrani, D.T. (2015). Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of sodium molybdate in a rat model of bile duct ligation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 29: 242-246.
Alvarez, S., Mainar, J., Perez, G. and Rojo, V. (2006). Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole and albendazole in sheep in Spain. Veterinary Record, 159(13): 424.
Boone, L., Meyer, D., Cusick, P., Ennulat, D., Bolliger, A.P., Everds, N., et al. (2005). Selection and interpretation of clinical pathology indicators of hepatic injury in preclinical studies. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 34(3): 182-188. [In Persian]
Dehghan, A., Ghasrodashti, A.R., Esfandiari, A., Mohebbi-Fani, M., Hoshyar, M.B. and Nayeri, K. (2011). Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin during negative energy balance in sheep. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20(3): 233-238.
Feher, J. and Lengyel, G. (2012). Silymarin in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and primary liver cancer. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(1): 210-217.
Imani, B.A. and Cherghi, S.H. (2016). Coprologic survey on ruminant's fasciolosis in east Azerbaijan province during 2014-2015. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1(2): 109-119. [In Persian]
Keiser J., Veneziano V., Rinaldi L., Mezzino L., Duthaler, U. and Cringoli, G. (2010). Anthelmintic activity of artesunate against Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 88(1): 107-110.
Machicado, C., Machicado, J.D., Maco, V., Terashima, A. and Marcos, L.A. (2016). Association of Fasciola hepatica infection with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer: a systematic review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(9): e0004962.
Martínez-Valladares, M., Cordero-Pérez, C., Rojo, V. and Francisco, A. (2014). Efficacy of an anthelmintic combination in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica resistant to albendazole and clorsulon. Experimental Parasitology, 13659-13662.
Matanović, K., Severin, K., Martinković, , Šimpraga, M., Janicki, Z. and Barišić, J. (2007). Hematological and biochemical changes in organically farmed sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology Research, 101(6): 1657-1661.
Merachew, W. and Alemneh, T. (2020). Review on Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola. Journal of Veterinary Science Medicine, 8(1): 211-216.
Nematollahi, A., Habashizadeh, M., Rafat, S.A. and Moghaddam, G. (2020). Retrospective survey of abundance nematodes in digestive tract of sheep in East Azerbaijan and calculation of correlation between EPG and humidity in mentioned regions. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(4): 329-340. [In Persian]
Nematollahi, A. and Jaafari, R. (2013). Alteration in serum biochemical values of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(24):1697-1701. [In Persian]
Omidi A., Sabzevari S. & Nazifi S. (2016). Alterations of some acute phase proteins, and antioxidant status in sheep following natural infection with some metacestodes, and Sarcocystis spp. Science Parasitology, 17(1): 16-25.
Pérez-Rodríguez, L., Romero-Haro, A.A., Sternalski, A., Muriel, J., Mougeot, F., Gil, D., et al. (2015). Measuring oxidative stress: the confounding effect of lipid concentration in measures of lipid peroxidation. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 88(3): 345-351.
Rehbein, S. and Visser, M. (1999). Efficacy of an injectable ivermectin/clorsulon combination against Fasciola hepatica in sheep. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 162(3-4): 278-284.
Riviere, J.E. and Papich, M.G. (2018). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 10th ed., USA: North Carolina, John Wiley & Sons, pp: 1068-1093
Saadati, D., Nabavi, R., Moradi, M. and Rasekh, M. (2019). A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of Baluchi sheep in Sistan region and its mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(2): 163-176. [In Persian]
Saleh, M.A. (2008). Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology, 154(3-4): 262-269.
Serafini, M. and Del Rio, D. (2004). Understanding the association between dietary antioxidants, redox status and disease: is the total antioxidant capacity the right tool? Redox Report, 9(3): 145-152.
