Clinical and histopathological comparison of ketoprofen and midazolam as premedication in pigeon

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

hadi  hajizadeh ¹ (Department of veterinary surgery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
gholamreza  Abedi ² (Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
ahmad  asghari ³ (Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
saeid  hesaraki ⁴ (Department of Pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2017-12-04 Accepted : 2018-10-06 Published : 2018-10-23

Keywords: Ketamine, premedication, pigeon, Midazolam, Ketoprofen,

Abstract :

Anesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, it is important to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of ketoprofen with midazolam as premedication in pigeons. For this purpose, twenty four male adult pigeons with the mean age of two years and weight of 300 grams were randomly divided into four groups with six individuals per group. Group I was the control group, in which the pigeons were given an intramuscular (IM) injection of ketamine 40 mg/kg body weight. Group II received IM injection of ketoprofen 50 mg/kg body weight alone. Each pigeon in group III was given an IM injection of ketoprofen at 50 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Each pigeon in group IV was given an IM injection of midazolam at 6 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection.  In order to determine the depth of anesthesia in each group, within 5 min from the last injection, various clinical reflexes were evaluated on the body of each pigeon. Also, postmortem examinations were performed to assess the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and brain tissues. The results of clinical evaluation showed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the various clinical reflexes in group III in comparison to other groups.Significant histopathological alterations were not observed in any treatment group. Based on these result it seems that ketoprofen plus ketamine could be used as a suitable combination for anesthesia of pigeons.

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