Evaluation of the eight districts of Kermanshah metropolis based on the indicators of the smart resilient city approach with an emphasis on the physical-environmental dimension

Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning Studies

milad norouzi ¹ , علیرضا شیخ الا سلامی ^{2 *} , فرزانه ساسان پور ³ , عباس ملک حسینی ⁴

1 - Department of Urban Planning, Borujerd branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Ira
2 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Borujerd branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
3 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning,Tehran branch, Kharazmi University, tehran, Ira
4 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Malayer branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran

Received: 2024-04-24 Accepted : 2025-03-10 Published : 2024-02-11

Keywords: smart city , resilient city , smart resilient city, fuzzy electre , kermanshah,

Abstract :

Introduction: The smart resilient city is a new approach in urban planning. This approach, while taking into account the common points of the smart and resilient city, uses the capacities of the smart city in the direction of promoting resilience and as a complement to the resilient city in the path of sustainable development goals. Purpose: The research is practical in terms of developmental purpose. The purpose of this research is to measure and stratify the 8 regions of Kermanshah metropolis based on the physical-environmental indicators of the resilient smart city approach. Methodology: The current research was done with descriptive-analytical method and it is of quantitative-qualitative type. The necessary data were obtained with researcher-made questionnaires, field observations and semi-structured (in-depth) interviews. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Kermanshah metropolis in its 8 districts. Data analysis was done by using the method of content analysis and coding and Delphi technique up to the stage of compiling indicators and consensus of opinion on them. Also, the data collected by the researcher-made questionnaire and field studies were analyzed using the fuzzy electre method, and the Shannon entropy method was used to weight the indicators. The reliability of the questionnaire questions was found to be 0.87 with Cronbach's alpha coefficient using spss software. Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the eight regions of Kermanshah metropolis. Findings: The physical environment dimension of the resilient smart city approach consists of 16 indicators. The results of the phase electre analysis showed that out of a total of 8 regions; Region one with 4 points in the first rank, Region 6 with 3 points in the second rank, Regions four and five each with 2 points in the third and fourth ranks, Regions 2 and 3 each with 1 point in the next ranks and Regions seven and eight Each of them ranked last with 0 points. Results: The results of the research show an imbalance in the Kermanshah metropolitan area's possession of the indicators of the environmental-physical dimension of the smart and resilient city approach. The results of the research show us that the level of the indicators of the resilient smart city approach in the eight regions of Kermanshah metropolis is unequal and unfair according to the evaluation and analysis of the selected indicators, and there is a significant difference between the regions.

References:

برادران خانیان، زینب؛ پناهی، حسین؛ اصغرپور، حسین(1401). بررسی وضعیت کنونی تحول هوشمند در کلان شهر تبریز. اقتصاد شهری، دوره 5، شماره 2، توالی 8، صص 112-85
جبارزاده، یونس؛ شکری، سوره؛ کرمی، اژدر(1399). شناسایی و تحلیل موانع نهادی شهر هوشمند(مورد مطالعه: شهر تبریز). فصلنامه علمی اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری. 8 (3() پیاپی 31))، 107-91
جهانشاهی، هاجر(1392). راهبرد شهر هوشمند، فرم شهری مطلوب جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار. پنجمین کنفرانس برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شهری، مشهد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، صص10-1.
حاتمی، افشار؛ ساسانپور، فرزانه؛ زیپارو، آلبرتو؛ سلیمانی، محمد(1400). شهر هوشمند پایدار: مفاهیم، ابعاد و شاخص ها. نشریه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، سال بیت و یکم، شماره 60، صص 339-315
حبیبی، آرش؛ ایزدیار، صدیقه و سرافرازی، اعظم(1393). تصمیم گیری چند معیاره فازی، رشت، کتیبه گیل.
حیدری فر، محمد رئوف، حسینی سیاه گلی، مهناز؛ سلیمانی راد، اسماعیل(1397). سنجش مولفه های تاب آوری شهری نمونه موردی کلانشهر: کرمانشاه. فصلنامه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی، سال هفتم، شماره بیست و هشت، صص 125-107
دارابخانی، محمد فرجی؛ افرادیی، عباس؛ سامانی نژاد، محمد جواد؛ شاهینی فر، حمیدرضا(1402). تحلیل و ارزیابی ابعاد شهر هوشمند از دیدگاه شهروندان شهر کرمانشاه. فصلنامه چشم انداز شهرهای آینده، دوره چهارم، شماره دوم، پیاپی(14)، صص 112-95
ساسانپور، فرزانه؛ قنبری محلی، عطیه(1399). تحلیل پایداری بافت فرسوده منطقه ده شهر تهران با مدل الکتره. دوفصلنامه توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی، سال دوم، شماره دوم، بهار و تابستان 1399، صص 68-83
عباس شهیر، نسیم علی، حسین زاده دلیر، کریم ، نظم فر، حسین ) 1401(. آینده¬پژوهی رشد شهری کلانشهر تبریز با تاکید بر رویکرد شهر هوشمند، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری، سال 13 ، شماره 49 ، مرودشت، صص 31 46
فرجی دارابخانی، محمد؛ افرادیی، عباس؛ سامانی نژاد، محمد جواد؛ شاهینی فر، حمیدرضا(1402). تحلیل و ارزیابی ابعاد شهر هوشمند از دیدگاه شهروندان شهر کرمانشاه. فصلنامه چشم انداز شهرهای آینده، دوره چهارم، شماره دوم، پیاپی(14)، صص112-95
قریشی، غزاله‌سادات، پارسی، حمیدرضا، نوریان، فرشاد .(1399). تحلیل بر قلمرو نظری شهر هوشمند تاب‌آور و تدوین چارچوب کاربست آن، نشریه هنرهای زیبا- معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 25، شماره 4، صص 69-55
References Addae, B. A., Zhang, L., Zhou, P., & Wang, F. (2019). Analyzing barriers of Smart Energy City in Accra with two-step fuzzy DEMATEL. Cities, 89, 218-227.
Banica, A., EVA, M. CORODESCU-ROȘCA, E., IBĂNESCU, B.C., OPRIA, A.M., PASCARIU, G.C. (2020): Towards smart(er) resilient cities. Evidences from Romanian urban areas. Geografie, 125, 4, 397–422
Bansal, N, Mukherjee, M, Gairola, A.(2017) Smart Cities and Disaster Resilience. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2141-1_8
Baran, M.; Kłos, M.(2022) Chodorek, M.; Marchlewska-Patyk, K. The Resilient Smart City Model–Proposal for Polish Cities. Energies, 15, 1818. https:// doi.org/10.3390/en15051818
Baron marcin,(2012) DO WE NEED SMART CITIES FOR RESILIENCE, Journal of Economics & Management, ISSN 1732-1948
H. Chen-Ritzo, C. Harrison, J. Paraszczak, and F. Parr,(2009) “Instrumenting the Planet,” IBM Journal of Research and Development 53: 3 338–353.
Hatami, A. Sasanpur, F. Asadzadeh, H. P.M. vanBodegom. (2023) Scenario analyses to reach smart sustainability in Tehran. Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2731302/v1
Kakderi, C, Oikonomaki, E, and Papadaki, I.(2021) Building Smart and Resilient Urban Futures by Setting a Mission for Sustainability in the Post COVID-19 Era, doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0184.v1
Khatibi H, Wilkinson S, Dianat H, Baghersad M, Ghaedi K, Javanmardi A.(2021) Indicators bank for smart and resilient cities: design of excellence, Built Environment Project and Asset Management © Emerald Publishing Limited 2044-124X, DOI 10.1108/BEPAM-07-2020-0122
Khatibi H, Wilkinson S, Dianat H, Baghersad M, Ramli H, Suhatril M.(2021) The resilient – smart city development: a literature review and novel frameworks exploration, Built Environment Project and Asset Management © Emerald Publishing Limited 2044-124X, DOI 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0049
Kitchin, R. Cardullo, P., Di Feliciantonio, C., Kitchin, R.(2019) Towards a Genuinely Humanizing Smart Urbanism. In The Right to the Smart City;. Eds.; Emerald Publishing Limited: Bingley, UK, pp. 193–204.
Komninos, N.; Kakderi, C.; Panori, A.(2019) Tsarchopoulos, P. Planning from an Evolutionary Perspective. J. Urban Technol, 26, 3–20
Komninos, N.; Kakderi, C. Panori, A. Tsarchopoulos, P.(2019) Planning from an Evolutionary Perspective. J. Urban Technol, 26, 3–20
Kunzmann K.R (2014). Smart Cities: A New Paradigm of Urban Development. Crios, 1/2014, pp. 9-20, doi: 10.7373/77140.
Lacinak, maros(2021). Resilience of the Smart Transport System – Risks and Aims, Transportation Research Procedia 55, 1635–1640
Macke, J., Casagrande, R. M., Sarate, J. A. R., & Silva, K. A. (2018). Smart city and quality of life: Citizens’ perception in a Brazilian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 717-726.
Mendle R S, Hartung A.(2022) Wielding a Concept with Two Edges: How to Make Use of the Smart Cities Concept and Understanding Its Risks from the Resilient Cities Perspective. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 A. Sharifi and P. Salehi (eds.), Resilient Smart Cities, The Urban Book Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_16
Mlokozi, Diana & zanabria, victor.(2018). Big data analytics for achieving smart city resilience Key factors for adoption, Master thesis 15 HEC, course INFM10 in Information Systems, lund university school of economics and management
Mpanje, D., Gibbons, P., and McDermott, R. (2018) Social capital in vulnerable urban settings: An analytical framework. Journal of International Humanitarian Action, 3.1, 1-14.
Mücella Ates & Deniz Erinsel Önder.(2021). A local smart city approach in the context of smart environment and urban resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment © Emerald Publishing Limited 1759-5908 DOI 10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2021-0064
Niaros, V.(2016) Introducing a Taxonomy of the “Smart City”: Towards a Commons-Oriented Approach?, tripleC 14(1): 51-61
O. Ronen & R. Purian.(2020) Between Means and Ends – Sustainable and Smart Cities in Flux, Geography Research Forum • Vol. 40 • 2020: 1-17
Papa, R, Glderisi, A, Majello, M, Sareeta, E.(2015)SMART AND RESILIENT CITIES, A SYSTEMIC APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING CROSS-SECTORAL STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, 3/9870-1970/6092.10/org.doi.dx://http:doi. 49-19
Samir, N. Eldayem, G. Elfateh, A. (2023). Smart Resilience City As An Approach To Improve Disaster Risk Reduction. Journal of Urban Research, Vol. 47, January 2023, 120-139
Sharifi, A. Srivastava ,R. Singh, N. Tomar,R. Raji,A. (2022). Recent Advances in Smart Cities and Urban Resilience and the Need for Resilient Smart Cities. under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 A. Sharifi and P. Salehi (eds.), Resilient Smart Cities, The Urban Book Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_2
Sharifi, Ayyoob, K, Xiong, B, Jie He.(2022) Resilient-Smart Cities: Theoretical Insights. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 A. Sharifi and P. Salehi (eds.), Resilient Smart Cities, The Urban Book Series, ISBN 978-3-030-95037-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8
Tcholtchev, N.; Schieferdecker, I.(2021). Sustainable and Reliable Information and Communication Technology for Resilient Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 4, 156–176. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/smartcities4010009
Tekla S, Dora S, Nagy Z.(2021). Linking smart city concepts to urban resilience. ‘Review of Business & Management’ TMP Vol. 17, Special Issue Nr. 1, pp. 31-40, http://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.04
Tzioutziou, A.; Xenidis, Y.(2021). A Study on the Integration of Resilience and Smart City Concepts in Urban Systems. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 24. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/infrastructures6020024
Washington Velasquez Vargas, Joaquin Salvachua(2019(. Contribution to public health data processing architectures applied to resilient smart cities affected by natural hazards. Thesis for: PhD in Telematics System Engineering, madrid, spain, DOI: 10.20868/UPM.thesis.56279
Ismagilova, E., Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Raman, K. R. (2019), Smart cities: Advances in research-An information systems perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 47, pp. 88-100.
Wataya, E.; Shaw, R. (2022). Soft Assets Consideration in Smart and Resilient City Development. Smart Cities, 5, 108–130. https:// doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010007
N.-W. Kuo, C.-E. Li,(2022). Do Smart Cities Projects Contribute to Urban Resilience? A Case Study Based in Taipei City, Taiwan. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 A. Sharifi and P. Salehi (eds.), Resilient Smart Cities, The Urban Book Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_9
M. Md Dali, A. Sharifi, Y. Mohd Adnan(2022). Envisioning Sustainable and Resilient Petaling Jaya Through Low-Carbon and Smart City Framework. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 A. Sharifi and P. Salehi (eds.), Resilient Smart Cities, The Urban Book Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_10
Nel, D. and Nel, V. (2019), “Governance for resilient smart cities”, Conference Paper, pp. 1-9
Hatami, A. Sasanpur, F. Asadzadeh, H. P.M. vanBodegom. (2023) Scenario analyses to reach smart sustainability in Tehran. Journal of Urban Management, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2731302/v1 Ratti C., Townsend A. ( 2011). The Social Nexus. Scientific American, September 2011. Available at: http://senseable.mit.edu/papers/pdf/2011_Ratti_Townsend_Nexus_SA.pdf.
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., Meijers, E. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. Vienna, Austria: Centre of Regional Science (SRF), Vienna University of Technology. Available at: http://www.smartcities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf.
BSI (2014). PAS 180, Smart cities – Vocabulary. British Standards Institution.
Chui, K. T., Vasant, P. & Liu, R. W. (2019), Smart city is a safe city: information and communication technology–enhanced urban space monitoring and surveillance systems: the promise and limitations. In Smart Cities: Issues and Challenges (pp. 111- 124). Elsevier.
Maguire B., Hagan P. (2007). Disasters and communities: Understanding social resilience. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 22 No. 2.
Berkes, F., Colding, J., Folke, C. (2003). Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P. (2009). Smart cities in Europe. Proceedings of the 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science (Košice, Slovak Republic, Oct 7-9). Available at: http://www.cers.tuke.sk/cers2009/PDF/01_03_Nijkamp.pdf.
Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(23), 5330–5339
Kulkarni, A. R., Rajurkar, S. S., & Ballal, M. S. (2018), Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS): The Foundation Block of Smartgrids for Event Analysis. In International Conference and Exhibition on Smart Grids and Smart Cities (pp. 37-50). Springer, Singapore
Tasan-Kok T., van Kempen R., Raco M., Bolt G. (2013). Conceptual Overview of Resilience: history and context. Resilience Thinking in Urban Planning. GeoJournal Library 106. pp. 39-52.
Ernstson, H., van der Leeuw, S., Redman, C.L., Meffert, D.J., Davis, G., Alfsen, C., Elmqvist, T. (2010). Urban transitions: on urban resilience and human-dominated ecosystems. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, pages 1–15.
Arafah, Y., & Winarso, H. (2017), Redefining smart city concept with resilience approach. In IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 70, pp. 1-13).
Elmqvist, T. (2013). How Smart is a Smart City? Presentation at the Switched on Nature Seminar. Available at: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/5.2f48c3c31429b6ad0a61192.html.
da Silva, C.A., dos Santos, E.A., Maier, S.M. and da Rosa, F.S. (2019), Urban resilience and sustainable development policies. Revista de Gestão
Wang, J. (2017), Toward Resilience of the Electric Grid. In Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
McEntire, D. A. (2014). Disaster response and recovery: strategies and tactics for resilience, John Wiley & Sons.
Sharifi Ayyoob, Yamagata Yoshiki (2022). Smart cities and climate-resilient urban planning. Urban Analytics and City Science Vol. 0(0) 1–7, DOI: 10.1177/23998083221102400
Shearer W, allan. Smart Cities And Resilience. 2020, S&T Organization, STO-EN-SAS-149