Evaluating of the influence of Islamic texture on sense of security based on second generation CPTED (Case Study: Fahadan neighborhood of Yazd city)

Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning Studies

Keramatollah Ziari ¹ , Mohammad Sina Shahsavari ² , Esmaeil Najafi ³

1 - Professor, Geography Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 - M.A. Student in Geography and Urban Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 - M.A. Student in Geography and Urban Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2017-07-15 Accepted : 2018-02-11 Published : 2019-08-23

Keywords: Sense of Security, Yazd city, Islamic texture, second generation CPTED principle's, Fahadan Neighborhood,

Abstract :

Sense of security has been historically one of the basic human needs. So the aim of this study is to find out whether the second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture of Fahadan neighborhood have been effective in sense of security or not? In this study, indicators of community culture, connectivity, threshold capacity and social cohesion are used as second-generation CPTED principles and the sense of security is used as dependent variable. This is a survey research and was conducted through a questionnaire survey. By using probability sampling (kokran method), 364 residents living in Islamic texture of Fahadan were selected. The T-test was used to check whether there is a sense of security in this context or not. In the next step, according to the types of variables, Pearson correlation test was used. The results showed that level of Fahadan neighborhood sense of security with an average of 3.62 on the Likert scale has a suitable situation but this indicator has completely inverse relationship with second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture. The results in terms of analyzing sense of security according to sex showed that men, unlike women are feeling more secure in Islamic texture according to these principles. By analyzing the results, it became clear that the existing sense of security in the Islamic texture was not related to second generation CPTED principles and the cause of it should be in other fields.

References:

Ajor Kar, H. (2007). Fahadan neighborhood revitalization and designing cultural complex in the center of texture. Published Master's thesis, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

Atlas, R. (2013). 21^st century security and cpted designing for critical infrastructure protection and crim prevention. (2^th Ed.). London & New York: CRC Publication.

Azizi, M., & Shaaban Julla, E. (2014). Physical assessment of old urban neighborhoods in terms of their responding to a sense of security (Case Study: Malek Abad neighborhood in Qazvin city). Studies in Human Geography, 46 (4), 791–808. (In Persian)

Bemanian, M., Rafieian, M., & Zabetian, E. (2009). Assessing factors that affecting the promotion of women’s safety in urban environments (Case Study: the range around the City Park - Tehran). Women’s Journal, 7 (3), 49–67. (In Persian)

Carrasco, M. A., & Bilal, U. (2016). A sign of the times: To have or to be? Social capital or social cohesion? Social Science & Medicine, 159, 127–131.

City Strategic Development Plan (CDS) for old texture of Yazd. (2010). (In Persian)

Clancey, G., Lee, M., & Fisher, D. (2012). Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and the New South Wales crime risk assessment guidelines: A critical review. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 14 (1), 1–15.

Cozens, P., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (2002). Criminogenic Associations and Characteristic British Housing Designs. International Planning Studies, 7 (2), 119–136.

Cozens, P., & Love, T. (2015). A Review and Current Status of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). Planning Literature, 30 (4), 1–20.

Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005). Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography. Property Management, 23 (5), 328–356.

Dekeseredy, W. S., Donnermeyer, J. F., & Schwartz, M. D. (2009). Toward a gendered Second Generation CPTED for preventing woman abuse in rural communities. Security Journal, 22 (5), 178–189.

Dekeseredy, W. S., Shahid, A., Renzetti, C. M., & Schwartz, M. D. (2005). Reducing Private Violence against Women in Public Housing: Can Second Generation CPTED Make a Difference? Repository Citation Reducing Private Violence Against Women in Public Housing: Can Second Generation CPTED Make A Difference? CRVAW Faculty Journal, 3 (1), 27–36.

Delavar, A., & Rezaei, A. (2007). Comparative study of sense of security in Tehran, Yazd and country. Security Journal, 6 (21), 153–186. (In Persian)

Fallah Ali Abadi, S., Giveh chi, S., Eskandari, M., & Sangi, A. (2013). Assessing vulnerability of historical context of cities against earthquake by using hierarchical analysis and Geographic Information System (Case Study: Fahadan neighborhood in Yazd). Disaster Management, 2 (1), 5–12. (In Persian)

Farid Tehrani, S. (2011). The fear in urban space. (1^st Ed.). Tehran: Armanshar. (In Persian)

Farshadfar, Y., & Niazi, M. (2014). The relationship between religiosity and sense of social security among women in the north and south of Tehran. Cognition Journal, 23 (199), 1–20. (In Persian)

Fisher, D. (2008). Crime prevention fact sheet series seconed generation cpted. Retrieved 2016, Jun.3, from http://www.cpted.net.

Ghaffari, A., Nemati Mehr, M., & Abdi, S. (2013). Evolution of crime prevention- approach based on environmental design in residential environments. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 32 (144), 3–16. (In Persian)

Gibson, V., & Johnson, D. (2013). CPTED, but not as we know it: Investigating the conflict of frameworks and terminology in crime prevention through environmental design. Security Journal, 29 (2), 1–20.

Hedayati Marzbali, M., Abdullah, A., Razak, N. A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J. (2014). Examining social cohesion and victimization in a Malaysian multiethnic neighborhood. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 42 (4), 384–405.

Izadi, M. saeid, & Haghi, M. R. (2015). Promoting the sense of security in public spaces using urban design (Case Study: Imam Square of Hammedan City). Journal of Fine Arts, 20 (2), 5–12. (In Persian)

Jason, S., & Wilson, P. R. (2011). City designing and prevention of crime. (2^th Ed.). Translated By Mohsen Kalantari and Abouzar Salami Beirami. Tehran: Azar Kalak. (In Persian)

Kamran, H., & Shoaa Bar Abadi, A. (2010). Evaluation of urban security in border towns (Case Study: Tayabad city). Journal of Geography, 8 (25), 25–46. (In Persian)

Khalili, M., Moradi, G., & Rahimi, A. (2012). Analyzing the current situation and proposal plan of historical texture of Yazd in terms of accessibility to emergency services by using network analysis. Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Researches Prevention and Management, 3 (13), 63–80. (In Persian)

Khujani, H., Ebrahimi Sani, E., & Ghasemzadeh, J. (2014). Religiosity, Hijab and sense of social security (Case Study: Women 18 to 50 years in bojnurd). Journal of Upbringing and Reforming, 12 (150), 27–33. (In Persian)

Kinnvall, C. (2004). Globalization and Religious Nationalism : Self , Identity , and the Search for Ontological Security. Political Psychology, 25 (5), 741-767.

Letch, J., McGlinn, E., Bell, J. F., Downing, E., & Cook, D. M. (2011). An exploration of 1st and 2nd generation CPTED for end of year school leavers at Rottnest Island. In Australian Security and Intelligence Conference (pp. 38–48), Edith Cowan University, perth, Australia.

Lotfi, S., Bordi Ana Morad Negad, R., & Sasani Pour, M. (2014). Investigating the sense of security in public spaces (Case study: Shiraz metropolis). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 5 (19), 39–56. (In Persian)

Maguire-Jack, K., & Showalter, K. (2016). The protective effect of neighborhood social cohesion in child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 29–37.

Mousavi, M., Veysian, M., Mohammadi Hamidi, S., & Asghari, M. (2015). Sense of security in urban areas (Case Study: city of Sarakhs). Journal of Geography, 13 (45), 185–202. (In Persian)

Mousavi, S. M. (2011). Investigating the Interaction of Urban Walking Spaces with Citizens by assuming Fahadan neighborhood in Yazd as a desirable example. Journal of Studies of Urban Planing, 1 (2), 157–171. (In Persian)

Perkins, D. D., Florin, P., Rich, R. C., Wandersman, A., & Chavis, D. M. (1990). Participation and the social and physical environment of residential blocks: Crime and community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18 (1), 83–115.

Pour Ahmad, A., Faraji Mullaei, A., Manouchehri, A., & Azimi, A. (2011). Impact of modernism on the physical - spatial development of Iranian- Islamic city (Case Study: Tehran). Journal of Studies in Persian- Islamic City, 2 (6), 47–61. (In Persian)

Sakip, S. R. M., & Abdullah, A. (2012). An Evaluation of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Measures in a Gated Residential Area: A Pilot Survey. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 3 (10), 11–24.

Saraei, M., Gholami, T., Pirasteh far, P., Haji Hosseini, S., & Jouya, N. (2013). Organizing and empowerment old texture of Fahadan neighborhood in Yazd. In Fifth Conference of planning and urban management (pp. 1–18), Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Sarrafi, M., Tavakoli Nia, J., & Mohammadian Mosammam., H. (2014). New ideas in urban planning. (1^st Ed.). Tehran: Ghadyani. (In Persian)

Saville, G., & Cleveland, G. (1997). 2^nd generation CPTED: An Antidote to the Social Y2K Virus of Urban Design. In 2nd Annual International CPTED Conference (pp. 1–19), Orlando University, Orlando, USA.

Soltani, L., Beik Mohammadi, H., & Heydari, S. (2016). Spatial analysis of the sense of security in different urban neighborhoods (Case Study: Shahre Ghods). Journal of Strategic Research on Security and Social Order, 5 (3), 87–104. (In Persian)

Statistical Center of Iran . (2016). General Census of Population and Housing in Yazd. Yazd: Statistical Center of Iran . (In Persian)

Taghvaei, M., & Haghighat, M. (2015). Decoration of Tehran’s parks and its impact on sense of social security (Case Study: Lavizan and Police Parks). Journal of Geography, 13 (44), 161–181. (In Persian)

Thorpe, A., & Gamman, L. (2013). Walking with Park: Exploring the “reframing” and integration of CPTED principles in neighbourhood regeneration in Seoul, South Korea. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 15 (3), 207–222.

Wortley, R., & Mazerolle, L. (2011). Environmental criminology and crime analysis: situating the theory, analytic approach and application. . (1^st Ed.). Routledge. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

Yazdanfar, A., Ghaemmaghami, S., & Ahmadpour, P. (2013). Applying design ideas to promote security of urban spaces. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 4 (1), 51–56.

Yazdanfar, S. A. A., & Nazari, N. (2015). Proposed Physical-environmental Factors Influencing Personal and Social Security in Residential Areas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5 (170), 224–233.

Zabihi, H., Larimian, T., & Purani, H. (2013). Providing an analytical model for promoting urban security through a security design approach (Case Study: District 17 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Researches, 5 (17), 119–136. (In Persian)

Zanganeh Shahraki, S., Sauri, D., Serra, P., Modugno, S., Seifolddini, F., & Pour ahmad, A. (2011). Urban sprawl pattern and land-use change detection in Yazd, Iran. Habitat International, 35 (4), 521–528.

Zarghani, S., & Bakhshi ShadMehri, F. (2014). Creating urban security through environmental design based on Islamic principles. In Seventh Congress of Geopolitics of Iran (pp. 1–25), kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

Zarrabi, A., & Ali Nejad Tayyebi, K. (2010). An Analysis of the urban elements in the Islamic city. Journal of Month of Art, 3 (143), 16–27. (In Persian)

Ziari, K., Heydari, A., Najafi, E., & Mohammadi, P. (2016). Evaluation of CPTED’s first generation components in crime prevention (Case Study: Dastgheyb neighborhood of Tehran). Journal of Law Enforcement, 4 (15), 1–28. (In Persian)