Compatibility with Sustainable Environment Based On Ecovillage in Rural Communities around Wetland Ecosystems (Case Study: Villages Surrounding the Zarivar Wetland, Kordestan Porvince)
Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning Studies
Mohammadamin Khorasani
1
(Assistant Professor- Faculty of Geography- University of Tehran)
Sima Sadi
2
(PhD Student- Tabriz University)
Keywords: محیط زیست پایدار, اکوسیستم تالاب, الگوی اکوویلج, جامعه روستایی, تالاب زریوار,
Abstract :
Compatibility with sustainable environment based on ecovillage model in rural communities around the wetland's ecosystems. Case study: the zerivar wetlands surrounding villages. Sustainable livelihood and conserve resources for the next generation. The aim of this study is to assess the compatibility of environment sustainability of indicators based on ecovillage model near the villages around the zerivar wetland's ecosystem. The statistical population of this research includes 1539 households and by using Cochran's test, 255 sample were selected. In field studies to collect the required data it has been prepared and completed a questionnaire among the villages were interviewed and along with, it's the most important part of the field studies. The questions of the questionnaire includes closed questions. The likert scale was used in the designing of the questions. The validity of the test by cronbach's alpha was 0.71 percent. Based on their distance of the lake (up to 3 km Zerivar Lake) the villages were selected. And also it has been interviewed with the subject persons to complete the evidences. It has been used the chi_square and kruskal Wallis test in the SPSS software for analysis the data. The data shows that social _ cultural indicators have the largest part of the sustainability of the rural communities Based on ecovillage and ecosystem in the villages around the zerivar wetland. On the second level economic indicators have the most important part in the sustainability of rural communities based on wetland ecosystems and in the villages around the zerivar wetland.
افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن الدین، (۱۳۹۳). مطالعه وضعیت الگوی زیست جوامع روستایی حاشیه اکوسیستم تالاب بر اساس الگوی اکوویلج، مورد روستاهای حاشیه تالاب میانکاله و لپوی زاغمر، جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، ۵۵ (۳). ۲۴۳-۲۶۴.
وزین، نرگیس، (۱۳۹۱). ارائه الگوی اکوویلج جهت زیست پایدار در روستاهای حاشیه اکوسیستم تالاب، مورد تالاب میانکاله و لپوی زاغمرز، پژوهش های روستایی، ۷(۱)، ۱-۲۷.
صابری، اصغر و سپهر صابری (۱۳۹۴). دهکده سازگار با محیط زیست، هماهنگی بین مسکن و محیط زیست محلی، انتشارات تخصصی هنری، معماری و شهرسازی، کتابکده کسری،چاپ اول.
طرح حفاظت از تالاب های ایران،۱۳۸۹. http://www.wetlandsproject.ir
Milfont, taciano, L & et. al., (2006), A cross-cultural study of environmental motive concerns and their implications for proenvironmental behavior, Environmental and behavior, vol. 38, No.6.
Mollison, B.; Slay, R., (1991), Introduction to permaculture, Tagari Publications. Harare.
Jackson, Hildur, (2004). What is an Ecovillage? Based on a working paper presented at the Gaia Trust Education Seminar, Thy, Denmark in September 1998, with minor updates.
Kennedy, Joseph F., (2004), Creating an Eco-village, Article available on http://www.newcollege.edu/news/ ecovillage.html.
Kirby, A., (2004), self in Practice in an Ecological Community: Connecting Personal, Social, and Ecological Worlds at the Eco village at Ithaca; Doctor of Philosophy, University of New York.
Gen.ecovillage.org. The Global Ecovillage Network envisions a world of empowered citizens and communities, designing and implementing their own pathways to a sustainable future, and building bridges of hope and international solidarity.
Bates, A, (2003), Ecovillage Roots: When, Where, and How We Reinvented this Ancient Village Concept. Communities: A Journal for Cooperative Living, 25-8, 58-9.
Barton, H.; Grant, M. & R. Guise, (2003), Shaping Neighborhoods: A Guide for Health, Sustainability and Vitality. New York: Spon Press.
Jackson, H.; Karen S., (2002), Ecovillage Living: Restoring the Earth and Her People. Denmark: Gaia Trust & Green Books. Totnes, Devon.
Gilman, R.; Gilman, D., (1991), The Eco-village Challenge, In Context, Vol. 29.
Dawson, J., (2006), Ecovillages: New Frontiers for Sustainability, Foxhole, Devon: Green Books.
Sargisson, L., (2007). Strange places: Estrangement, utopianism, and intemtional communities, Utopian Studies, 18, 3, 393_424.
Jansen, L., 2003, The Challenge of Sustainable Development, Journal of cleaner production, Vol. 11, No. 3, PP. 231-245.
Jackson, H.; Svensson, K. (2002), Ecovillage Living: Restoring the Earth and Her People, UK, Devon.
Hong, S.; Vicdan, H., (2016). Re-imagining the utopian: Transformation of a sustainable lifestyle in ecovillages, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Business Research 69, p.p 120–136.
Zedler, J.; Kercher, S.; WETLAND RESOURCES: Status, Trends, Ecosystem Services, and Restorability, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30, P.P. 39-74.
Cowan, G., (2007). Ecological design. Washington, DC: Island Press, Bulletin of Marin Sience, 83 (1), p.p. 197_125.
Mitsch, W.J.; Gosselink J.G., (2000). Wetlands, (3rd edition) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Kent, D.M,(2001). Applied Wetlands Science and Technology. (Second edition)Lewis Publishers, New York.
Krijnen, J.F.A(2013). Conservation of Iranian Wetlands Project Terminal Evaluation Report, UNDP, IRI Department of Environment, p.p. 1-55.
Freeland, J.A.; Richardson, J.L.; 1997. Soils and sediments as indicators of agriculturalimpacts on northern prairie wetlands. In: Peterson, S.A., Carpenter, L., Gun-tenspergen, G., Cowardin, L.M. (Eds.), Pilot Test of Wetland Condition Indicatorsin the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States. United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Duluth, MN, pp. 119–144.
Johnston, C.A., Bridgham, S.D., Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., 2001. Nutrient dynamics inrelation to geomorphology of riverine wetlands. J. Am. Soil Sci. Soc. 65, 557–577.
Holland, C.C.; Honea, J.; Gwin, S.E.; Kentula, M.E.; (1995). Wetland degradation and lossin the rapidly urbanizing area of Portland, Oregon. Wetlands 15 (4), 336–345.
Finlayson, C.M.; Rea, N.; (1999). Reasons for the loss and degradation of Australianwetlands. Wetlands Ecol. Manag. 7 (1–2), 1–11.
Turner, R.K, Turner, K. T.; J. Bergh, T.; Barendregt, J.; Straaten, and E. Maltby, (2000). Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy, Ecological Economics Volume 35, P.P. 7–23.
Losnet (2009). Landsfereignen for okosamfund. Retrieved http://www.losnet.dk.
Zegg (2009). Ecovillages: Lessons for Sustainable Community. Retrieved from http://www.zegg.de /ecovillages.
Walker, L., (2005). Advance Praise for EcoVillage at Ithaca, Cataloging in Publication Data:
A catalog record for this publication is available from the National Library of Canada, p.p1-257.
Holleman, M., (2011). Individuality in Community at the EcoVillage at Ithaca, VU University, Amsterdam Faculty of Social Sciences – Social and Cultural Anthropology, P.P. 1-74.
Etalkhari, A. R, (2014). Study of the Situation of Rural Communities around Wetland Ecosystem Based on the Eco-village Pattern, case study: Miankaleh and Lipoi Zagmar Wetland, Geography and Rural Planning, 55 (3). 243-264.
Vazin, Nergis, (1391). Presentation of the ecovillage pattern for sustainable development in the villages of the ecosystem of the lagoon, case study: Miankaleh lagoon and Razm-e-Lipoo wetland, Rural Research, 7 (1), 1-27.
Saberi, A and Saberi .S (1394). Eco-friendly village, Housing and community co-ordination, Art publishing, Architecture and urban planning, Fragmentation book, First edition.
Protection of Iranian Wetlands accesed at http://www.wetlandsproject.ir.