The role of planting date and rice cultivars on the effect of weed on yield and some agronomic traits in dry-bed seeding system

Subject Areas : agronomy

Hossein  Sabet zangeneh ¹ (Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khuzestan)
Abdolali  Gilani ² (Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center)

Received: 2021-08-25 Accepted : 2021-09-07 Published : 2021-09-22

Keywords: Grain yield, Spike, Local cultivars, High-yielding cultivars, Dry-bed,

Abstract :

To investigate the effect of planting date on yield and some agronomic traits in local and high-yielding rice cultivars in direct cultivation by dry-bed seeding system was conducted in the form of a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot of planting date in three levels (June 15, June 25, and July 5) and four rice cultivars including two local cultivarsChampa and Red anbori and cultivars High-yielding and improved Danial and Shafagh was grown as a subplot at each planting date. Then, each plot was divided into two parts. The upper part of plot was not weeding and was considered as a control and the lower part of the plot was removed by hand weeding. Based on the results, the effect of planting date and cultivar on biological yield, grain yield, and the number of spikes per square meter under weed control conditions was significant at the level of one percent. In this experiment, the highest yield was observed on the date of the first planting in the high-yielding cultivar Shafagh and at the rate of 5253 kg/ha. The results showed that grain yield loss due to weed presence was different depending on planting date, so that the highest and lowest production loss with the average of 1815 and 1090 kg/ha was related to the first and third planting date, respectively. Among rice cultivars, a decrease in grain yield of 40.85 and 32.95 percent was observed in high-yielding cultivars and local cultivars, respectively.

References:

منابع:
1 - رجبیان، م.، اصغری، ج.، احتشامی، س. م. ر؛ و یعقوبی. ب. 1396 . واکنش ژنوتیپ های بومی و
.79-96 : اصلاحشده برنج به رقابت با علفهای هرز در سیستم کشت مستقیم. مجله دانش علفهای هرز، 13
-2 امیریلاریجانی، ب.، م، نیکنژاد و ت، سوبویی. 1384 . بررسی تأثیر روشهای مختلف کنترل
علفهای هرز بر وزن خشک گونههای غالب علفهای هرز شالیزاری و عملکرد برنج. اولین همایش علوم
علفهای هرز ایران، مؤسسه گیاهپزشکی.
-3 یعقوبی، ب.، علیزاده، ح. م.، رحیمیان، ح.، باغستانی، م. ع.، دواتگر، ن و محمدشریفی، م.
1388 . مروری بر مطالعات انجام شده در علفهای هرز شالیزار )تغییر فلور، زیست سنجی تجزیه علفکش و
کوتولگی برنج(. سومین همایش علوم علفهای هرز ایران، بابلسر، ایران.
4-Anonymous.2013.Standard evaluation system for Rice.IRRI.
5- Awan, T. H., Sta Cruz, P.C. and Chauhan, B.S. 2015. Agronomic indices,
yield- contributing traits, and yield of dry- seeded rice under varying herbicides.
Field Crops Research. 177: 15- 25.
6- Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. 2012. Weed management in direct-seeded rice
systems. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute 20 p.
7- Bhushan, L., Ladha, J. K., Gupta, R. K., Singh, S., Tirol-Padre, A.,
Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Pathak, H. 2007 Saving of water and labor in
rice–wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy
Journal. 99: 1288–1296.
8- Chauhan, B. S., Awan, T. H., Abugho, S. B., Evengelista, G. and Yadav, S.
2015. Effect of crop establishment methods and weed control treatments on weed
management,and rice yield. Field Crops Research 172:72-84.
9- Chauhan, B. S., Singh, V. P., Kumar, A. and Johnson, D. E. 2011. Relations
of rice seeding rates to crop and weed growth in aerobic rice. Field Crops Research
121: 105–115.
10- Dass, A., Shekhawat, K., Choudhary, A. K., Sepat, S., Rathore, S. S.,
Mahajan, G. and Chauhan, B. S. 2016. Weed management in rice using crop
competition. Crop Protection. 95: 45-52.
11- Ekeleme, E., Kamara, A. Y., Oikeh, S. O., Chikoye, D. and Omioigui, L. O.
2007. Effect of weed competition on upland rice production in north- eastern
Nigeria. African Crop Science conference proceedings. 8: 61-65.
12- FAO, 2016. Food Outlook (June 2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations. Pp,139.
13- Farooq, M., Siddique, K. H. M., Rehman, H., Aziz, T., Lee, D. J. and
Wahid, A. 2011. Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities.
Soil & Tillage Research. 111: 87-98.
14- Gilani, A. A. 2004. Planting - caring - harvesting of new LD rice cultivar in
Khuzestan. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan. 10
p.
15- Jabran, K. and Chauhan, B. S. 2015. Weed management in aerobic rice
systems. Crop Protection. 78: 151-163.

16- Khaliq, A. and Matloob, A. 2011. Weed-crop competition period in three fine
rice cultivars under direct-seeded rice culture. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science
Research. 17(3): 229-243.
17- Kumar, V. and Ladha, J. K. 2011. Direct seeding of rice: recent developments
and future research needs. Advances Agronomy. 111: 299–391.
18- Mahajan, G., Ramesha, M. S. and Chauhan, B. S. 2014. Response of rice
genotypes to weed competition in dry direct- seeded rice in India. Hindawi
Publishing Corporation. The Science World Journal. 8 Pp.
19- Patel, A. R., Patel, M. L., Patel, R. K., Mote, B. M. 2019. Effect of different sowing
date on phenology, growth and yield of rice– a review. Plant Archives Vol. 19 No. 1, 2019
pp. 12-16.
20- Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J. K. and Mortimer, A.
M. 2007. Weed management in directseeded rice. Advance Agronomy. 93: 153–
255.
21- Saito, K., Azoma, K. and Rodenburg, J. 2010. Plant characteristics associated
with weed competitiveness of rice under upland and lowland conditions in West
Africa. Field Crops Research. 116: 308–317.
22- Singh, S., Bhushan, L., Ladha, J. K., Gupta, R. K., Rao, A. N. and
Sivaprasad, B. 2006. Weed management in dryseeded rice (Oryza sativa)
cultivated on furrow irrigated raised bed planting system. Crop Protection. 25: 487–
495.
23- Singh, V., Jat, M. L., Ganie, Z. A., Chauhan, B. S. and Gupta, R. K. 2016.
Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct- seeded rice under
scented rice- wheat rotation of Western Indo- Gangetic Plains. Crop Protection. 81:
168-176.
24- Tshewang, S., Sindel, B. M., Ghimiray, M. and Chauhan, B. S. 2016. Weed
management challenges in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for food security in Bhutan. Crop
Protection. 90: 117-124.
25- Wang, D. R., Bunce, J. A., Tomecek., M. B., Gealy, D., McClung, A., McCouch,
S. R., Ziska., L. H. 2016. Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and
wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction. Global Change Biology, 22, 2620–2632.
26- Weerakoon, W. M. W., Mutunayake, M. M. P., Bandara, C., Rao, A. N.,
Bhandari, D. C. and Ladha, J. K. 2011. Direct-seeded rice culture in Sri Lanka.
Field Crops Research. 121: 53-63.
27- Xu, J., Henry, and Sreenivasulu, A. 2020. Rice yield formation under high day and
night temperatures—A prerequisite to ensure future food security. Plant Cell Environ.
43:1595–1608.