Effect of silicon application on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus.annuus L.) under different moisture levels

Subject Areas : agronomy

zohreh  nabipour ¹ (Ph.D of Agriculture, Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education station, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Gonabad. Iran.)
Gholamreza  Zamani ² (Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand)

Received: 2020-08-23 Accepted : 2020-09-14 Published : 2020-08-22

Keywords: leaf area index, Stem height, Sunflower yield, Relative leaf water content,

Abstract :

    Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the crop year 2018-2019 in Gonabad, Iran. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes four levels (100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement) and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time. There were four levels (no application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in vegetative stage and reproductive stage). The results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% of water requirement reduced the quantitative traits studied; So that the lowest seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and oil yield (583.41 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% of water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low moisture levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest value (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. Also, the application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the non-application treatment (control) increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of moisture, including 80, 60 and 40% of water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level of 80% of the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits.

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sunflower full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field Crops Research,
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changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative
stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil. Plant and Soil, 290: 103–114.
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sunflower cultivars under drought stress, I: Growth, Antioxidant mechanisms, and
Lipid per oxidation. Communication of Soil Science and Plant, 39: 1885–1903.
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irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water
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mediated alleviation of a biotic stresses in higher plants. Environmental Pollution, 147:
422-428.
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Trends in Plant Science, 11: 392–397.
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application of silica under drought stress conditions after flowering. Journal of Crop
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sunflower in bred lines for drought tolerance. International Journal of Agriculture and
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plant nutrient. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 268–272.
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Darvish, F. 2006. A Survey on the impact of water deficiency over the yield of
sunflower seed cultivar and its components. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (1):
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irrigation with different irrigation intervals for maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Production
Science, 8: 592-600.
45
44ر17-Ghadami-Firouzabadi, A., Raeini, M., Shahnazari, A. and Zare-Abyane, H.
2014. Variation of Chlorophyll, Leaf Area Index and Root Parameters of Sunflower
under regulated deficit and partial root zone drying irrigation. Journal of Crop
Production and Processing, 14 (1): 69-79.
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sunflower full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field Crops Research,
87: 167-178.
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growth of wheat under drought. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26 (5): 1055-1063.
20-Gunes, A., Inal, A., Bagci, E. J. and Pilbeam, D. J. 2007. Silicon mediated
changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative
stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil. Plant and Soil, 290: 103–114.
21-Gunes, A., Pillbeam, D., Inal, A. and Coban, S. 2008. Influence of silicon on
sunflower cultivars under drought stress, I: Growth, Antioxidant mechanisms, and
Lipid per oxidation. Communication of Soil Science and Plant, 39: 1885–1903.
22-Hattori, T., Inanaha, S., Araki, H., An, P., Morita, S., Luxova, M. and Lux, A.
2005. Application of silicon enhanced tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. Physiologia
Plantarum, 123: 459–466.
23-Karam, F., Lahoud, R., Masaad, R., Kabalan, R., Breidi, J., Chalita, C. and
rouphael, Y. 2007. Evapotranspiration, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip
irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water
Management, 90: 213-223.
24-Liang, Y., Sun, W., Zhu, Y. G. and Christie, P. 2007. Mechanisms of silicon
mediated alleviation of a biotic stresses in higher plants. Environmental Pollution, 147:
422-428.
25-Ma, J. F. and Yamaji, M. 2006. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants.
Trends in Plant Science, 11: 392–397.
26-Maghsoudi, K. and Emam, Y. 2016. Response of bread wheat cultivars to foliar
application of silica under drought stress conditions after flowering. Journal of Crop
Production and Processing, 6 (19): 1-12.
27-Maury, P., Berger, M., Mojayad, F. and Planchon, C. 2000. Leaf water
characteristics and drought acclimation in sunflower genotypes. Plant and Soil, 223:
153–160.
28-Nadeem, T. M. H., Imran, M. and Kamil Husain, M. 2002. Evaluation of
sunflower in bred lines for drought tolerance. International Journal of Agriculture and
Biology, 25: 398-400.
29-Richmond, K. E. and Busman, M. 2003. Got silicon? The non-essential beneficial
plant nutrient. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 268–272.
30-Roshdi, M., Heydari Sharifabad, H., Karimi, M., Nourmohammadi, G. H. and
Darvish, F. 2006. A Survey on the impact of water deficiency over the yield of
sunflower seed cultivar and its components. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (1):
109-121.
31-Sepaskhah, A. R. and Khajehabdollahi, M. H. 2005. Alternative furrow
irrigation with different irrigation intervals for maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Production
Science, 8: 592-600.
45

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