Effect of green manure and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, light extinction coefficient and grain yield of wheat cv. Chamran

Subject Areas : agronomy

Received: 2013-06-03 Accepted : 2016-02-03 Published : 2016-08-22

Keywords: nitrogen, Wheat, phosphorous, Green manure,

Abstract :

In order to evaluate the effect of green gram (Vigna radiata) sowing date as a green manure in combination with different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on wheat grain yield and light extinction coefficient, a field experiment was conducted in Dezful during 2008-2009. The experiment was split-plot factorial based on RCBD with three replications. Main plot consisted of green gram sowing dates were 30th June and 10th August, besides to fallow and three rates of N (0, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and P (0, 45 and 90 kg ha-1) were in sub-plots. Results indicated that the application of green manure increased soil organic matter and inorganic nutrients. The highest light extinction coefficient (K) found on 30th June. A significant increase in nitrogen rate led to more light extinction coefficient because of  higher LAI. In comparison to fallow treatment, the green manure sowing dates on 30th June and 10th August led to more grain yield by 15.3% and 3.1% respectively. Delaying in green gram sowing date reduced the benefit effects of the green manure in wheat grain yield. Generally, the results of this investigation showed that, sowing green gram as a green manure on 3th July has significantly increased wheat grain yield compared with fallow treatments. In green manure applied plots, wheat grain yield in 60 kg N ha-1 and 45 kg P ha-1 was higher than 120 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1 under fallow conditions. The higher grain per unit area and biological yield in green gram residue incorporated plots influenced higher wheat grain yield than under fallow.  

References:

1. Belachew, T. and Abera, Y. 2011. Effect of green manuring in combination with nitrogen on soil fertility and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) under double cropping system of Sinana-dinsho, Southeast Ethiopia. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 1(1): 1-11.  


2. Braum S. M. and Helmke, P. A. 1995. White lupin utilizes soil phosphorus that is unavailable to soybean. Plant Soil, 176: 95–100.


3. Cadersa, Y. and Govinden, N. 1999. Relationship between canopy cover and light interception in potato in a tropical climate. Food and Agricultural Research Council, 14:137-144


4. Camberato, J. J. and Bock, B. R. 1990. Spring wheat response to enhanced ammonium supply: I. Dry matter and nitrogen content. Agronomy Journal, 82: 463-467.


5. Cavigelli, M. and Thien, S. 2003. Phosphorus Bioavailability Following Green Manure Crops. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 22:43-53.


6. Cline, G. R. and Silvernail, A. F. 2002. Effects of cover crops, nitrogen, and tillage on sweet corn. Horticulture, Technology, 12:118–125.


7. Darvinkle, A. 1983. Gar formation and grain. Ear of winter Wheat as affected by time of nitrogen supply. Netherlands Journal Agriculture Science, 31: 211-225.


8. Derccer, M. F., Van, O., Schapendonk, A. H. C. M. and Rabbinge, R. 2000. Dynamics of vertical leaf nitrogen distribution in a vegetative wheat canopy. Impact on Canopy Photosynthesis. Annals of Botany, 86: 821-831.


9. Earey Cherr, C. 2004. Improved use of green manure as a nitrogen source for sweet corn. Requirements for the Degree of  Master of Science, University of Florida. 177 p.

10. Geleto, T. , Tanner, D. G., Mamo, T. and Gebeyehu, G. 1995. Response of rain fed bread and durum wheat to source level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on two Ethiopian vertisole S. I. yield and yield components. Comm in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 26: 1773-1794.

11. Goyal, S., Chander, K., Mundra, M. C. and K. K. Kapoor. 1999. Influence of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties under tropical conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29(2): 196-200.

12. Harmsen, K., Sepherd, K. D. and Allan, A. Y. 1983. Crop response to nitrogen and phosphorus in rainfed agriculture.p: 223-248. In:Nutrient balances and the need for fertilizers in semi-arid regions. Proceeding of 17^th Colloquim. International Potash Institue Bern, Switzerland.

13. Hussain, M. M., Ibrahim, S. A. and Zaitoon, M. I. 1984. Effect of nitrogen levels on the growth, yield and mineral composition of wheat crop under different seed rates. Egypt Journal Science, 24(1):7–18.

14. Lampkin, N. 1990.Organic farming. Farming press, 220 p.

15. Lindquist, J. L., Arkebauer, T. J., Walters, D. T., Cassman, K.G. and Dobermann, A. 2005. Maize radiation use efficiency under optimal growth conditions. Agronomy Journal, 97: 72–78.

16. Mainard, S. D. and Jeuffroy, M. H. 2001. Partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen to the spike throughout the spike growth period in wheat crops subjected to nitrogen deficiency. Field Crops Research, 70: 153-165.

17. Mandal, U. K., Singh, G., Victor, U. S. and Sharma, K. L. 2003. Green manuring: its effect on soil properties and crop growth under rice-wheat cropping system. European Journal of Agronomy, 19: 225-237.

18. Modhej, A., Naderi, A., Emam, Y., Aynehband, A. and  Normohamadi, Gh. 2008. Effects of post-anthesis heat stress and nitrogen levels on grain yield in wheat (T. durum and T. aestivum) genotypes. International Journal of Plant Production, 2: 257-267.

19. Naidu, M. 1981. Studies on the appropriate proportion of organic and chemical fertilizers. M.Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agriculture Univercity Coimbatore, India. 144 p.

20. Peltonen, P. and Peltonen, J. 1995. Floret set and abortion in oat and wheat under high and low nitrogen. European Journal Agronomy, 4: 253-262.

21. Singh, Y., Singh, B. and Khind, C. S. 1992. Nutrient transformations in soil amended with green manure. Advance in soil Science, 20: 237-309.

22. Shah, Z., Rashid, A., Rahman, H. U., Latif, A. and Shah, A. 2011. Rice and wheat yield in relation to biomass of green manure legumes. Sarhad Journal Agriculture, 27 (1): 73-84.

23. Sharma, A. R. and Mittra, B. N. 1988. Effect of green manuring and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of crops in rice-based cropping system on acid lateritic soil. Journal Agriculture Science, 110: 605–608.

24. Tadesse, Y. 1989. Effect of green manure on soil fertility and grain yield of maize. Sebil, 2 (1-2): 26-28.

25. Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J. L., Garcı´a-Martı´nez, A. M. and Parrado, J. 2007. Effects of different green manures on soil biological properties and maize yield. Bioresour Technology, 99 (6):1758-67.

26. Wivstad, M., Salomonsson, L. and Salomonsson, A. C. 1996. Effect of green manure, organic fertilizers and urea on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Acta Agriculture Scandinavia Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 46 (3): 169-177.

Yeshanew, A. and Asgelil, D. 1999. The effect of green manuring and application of fertilizer on the yield of bread wheat at Adet in Northwestern Ethiopia.  In: The tenth regional wheat workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 182