The effect of combination of strength training with and without vascular occlusion with linear and undulating periodization on hypertrophic hormones and indices in judoka girls
Subject Areas : Role of Genes in Health
amin Farzaneh hesari
1
*
,
Shima Reisi
2
,
Hadis Zaferaninan
3
1 - Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
2 -
3 - Sari Islamic Azad University
Keywords: strength training periodization, vascular occlusion training, hypertrophy,
Abstract :
Introduction and Purpose: the effect of combination of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion based different periodization on muscular factors is not perfectly clear. The purpose of this study was the comparison of combination of resistant training with vascular occlusion and traditional strength training based linear and undulating periodization on GH, IGF-1, hypertrophy and strength in judoka girls. Material and Methods: 25 judoka girls were selected and randomly divided into three groups: non-periodization, linear periodization and undulating periodization. Training program was conducted for 8 weeks and 3 days per week. Traditional strength training (TST) performed with 75% 1RM and strength training with vascular occlusion (STVO) performed with 30% 1RM. The non-periodization group performed TST with constant intensity during 8 weeks. In linear periodization, subjects performed STVO during the first 4 weeks and TST during the second 4 weeks. In undulating periodization, participants switch from STVO to TST every session. Before and after training program muscular GH, IGF-1, strength and hypertrophy were taken. The outcome data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and posthoc Benfroni test. Results: There was significant increase for GH in undulating periodization than non-periodization group. There was no significant difference between groups for IGF-1, strength and hypertrophy. Conclusion: Combination of STVO and TST based linear or undulating periodization has similar effect with non-periodization strength training on GH, IGF-1, hypertrophy and strength in active girls.
1. Kraemer WJ, Marchitelli L, Gordon SE, Harman E, Dziados JE, Mello R. Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69(4): 1442-50.
2. The American College of Sports Medicine. Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2009, 41(3): 687-708.
3. Morton RW, McGlory C, Phillips SM. Nutritional interventions to augment resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Frontiers in Physiology 2015, 6: 245-10.
4. Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, et al. Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. J Appl Physiol 2006; 101(6): 1616-22.
5. Patterson SD, Ferguson RA. increase in calf post-occlusive blood flow and strength following short-term resistance exercise training with blood flow restriction in young women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010, 108(5): 1025-33.
6. Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, et al. Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103(3): 903-10.
7. Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada KI, Kato M, Uno K, et al. Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 95(1): 65-73.
8. Gamble P. Strength and conditioning for team sports: sport-specific physical preparation for high performance: Routledge; 2013.
9. Bartolomei S, Stout J R, Fukuda D H, Hoffman J R, Merni F. Block vs. Weekly Undulating Periodized Resistance Training Programs in Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2015, 29(10): 2679-2687.
10. Lowery R, Joy J, Loenneke J, Souza D, Machado M, Joshua E. Dudeck1 and Jacob M. Wilson Julius. Practical blood flow restriction training increases muscle hypertrophy during a periodized resistance training program. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013, 4(12): 256-263.
11. Ismail D. The effects of traditional strength and blood flow restriction training versus a combination of both on measures of strength, hypertrophy and power in elite athletes. Cardiff Metropolitan University. Bachelor thesis, 2013.
12. Hosseini Khakhk SA, Sharifi A, Hamedi Nia MR. A comparison of the effect of traditional resistance training with resistance training with vascular occlusion on muscular function and cardiovascular endurance in young females. Sport Bioscience J 2011; 3(10): 95-114. [in persian]
13. Scott BR, Loenneke JP, Slattery KM, Dascombe BJ. Exercise with blood flow restriction: An updated evidence-based approach for enhanced muscular development. Sports Medicine 2015, 45: 313-325.
14. Lixandrão ME, Ugrinowitsch C, Laurentino G, Libardi CA, Aihara AY, Cardoso FN, et al. Effects of exercise intensity and occlusion pressure after 12 weeks of resistance training with blood-flow restriction. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2015, 115: 2471-2480.
15. Housh Dona J, Terry J, Joseph P, Loree L, Glen O. Anthropometric estimation of thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Journal medicine Scinci sport exercise 1995; 27: 784-91.
16. Brzycki M. A Practical Approach to Strength Training. McGraw-Hill; 1998, p. 48-53.
17. Goto K, Ishii N, Takamatsa K. Growth hormone response to training regimen with combined high and low- intensity exercise. Int J Sport Health Sci 2004;2:111-8.
18. Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP. The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Med 2003;33(8):599-613.
19. Weltman A, Weltman JY, Womack CJ, Davis SE, Blumer JL, Gaesser GA, et al. Exercise training decreases the growth hormone (GH) response to acute constant-load exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(5):669-76.
20. Manini TM, Clark BC. Blood flow restricted exercise and skeletal muscle health. Exercise and sport sciences reviews 2009;37(2):78-85.
21. Kim E, Gregg LD, Kim L, Sherk VD, Bemben MG, Bemben DA. Hormone responses to an acute bout of low intensity blood flow restricted resistance exercise in college-aged females. J Sports Sci Med 2014 Jan;13(1):91-6.
22. Kraemer WJ, Sraron RS, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS, Fry AC, Gordon SE, et al. The effects of short-term resistance training on endocrine function in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78(1):69-76.
23. Leite SN, Reis AC, Colnezi GL, Souza FH, Ferracini HF. Influence of Vascular Occlusion in Concentration of Growth Hormone and Lactate in Athletes during Strengthening Quadriceps Exercise. Occup Med Health Aff 2015;3:195.
24. Abe T, Yasuda T, Midorikawa T, Sato Y, Kearns C, Inoue K, et al. Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily" KAATSU" resistance training. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research 2005;1(1):612
25. Rhea MR, Simon G. A comparison of linear and daily undulating periodized programs with equated volume and intensity for strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2002, 16(2): 250-255.
26. Simão R, Loenneke JP, Slattery KM. Comparison between nonlinear and linear periodized resistance training: Hypertrophic and strength effects. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2012, 26(5): 1389-1395.
27. Kok LY, Hamer A, Bishop DJ. Enhancing muscular qualities in untrained women: linear versus undulating periodization. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2009, 41(9): 1797-1807.
28. Hoffman JR, Libardi CA, Kraemer WJ. Comparison between different off-season resistance training programs in Division III American college football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2009, 23(1): 11-19.
29. Takarada Y, Sato Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002, 86: 308–14.
30. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction muscle strength in older men. J Appl Physiol 2010, (108): 147-55.
31. Goto K, Ishii N, Kizuka T, Takamatsu K. The impact of metabolic stress on hormonal responses and muscular adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005, 8(37): 955–63.
32. Patterson SD, Ferguson RA. Resistance training with blood flow restriction enhances the increase in strength and calf blood flow in older people. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 2011, 19: 201-13.
33. Kawada S. What phenomena do occur in blood flow-restricted muscle? Int J Kaatsu Training Res 2005, 1: 37–44.
34. Apel JM, Lacey RM, Kell RT. A comparison of traditional and weekly undulating periodized strength training programs with total volume and intensity equated. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25(3): 694-703.