: contemporary poetry , verbal sonnet , forough farokhzad , allegory , feminine

Subject Areas : Research Allegory in Persian Language and Literature

M. kamarkhani ¹ , M. J. Kazazi ²

1 - PhD Student, Department of Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
2 - Professor, Department of Persian Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University

Received: 2016-05-22 Accepted : 2016-09-04 Published : 2016-10-22

Keywords:

Abstract :

Frequent application of verbal language in the works of some poets, has led to a flow of today’s poetry known as verbal poetry. Elegant lyric thoughts which are personal and experimental, leads to the discovery of lovely scenes in the form of verbal language, reacting against the traditional principles of sonnet, including meter and rhyme. Couplets and their verbal replacement has changed the form of verbal sonnet. Forough Farokhzad and Seyed Ali Salehi are formal founders  of verbal sonnet. Farokhzad has expressed her emotions and pains while expanding the limits of language through development of the least lingual intermediate and cultural advancement. This factor has changed her into an iconoclastic poet. The poet presents a sensory and tangible attitude, using verbal language and protest, expressing her emotional feelings. To present such an attitude, she has sacrificed cultural ethical contracts along with feminine norms. In these dimensions, her poetry has a norm. Based on these dimensions, her poetry has a negative reflection in the minds of audiences because she has not used lingual intermediates and symbolic or metonymic tools as a poet for expressing her feminine issues and she has used some contractive metonymies. In this article, we first define verbal poetry and its evolution, and then express elements against feminine contracts and effect of removing the symbolic language or forming transgressive feminine patterns. Moreover, we will investigate some instances of symbolic usage in her poetry.