Effect of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and morphological traits of triticale (Triticosecale wittmack)
Subject Areas : Journal of Plant EcophysiologyN. Hasanzadeh 1 , R. Seyed Sharifii 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
Keywords: Yield, Biological fertilizer, Crop growth rate, Leaf area index,
Abstract :
Using biological fertilizers containing different microbial strains, leads to less chemical fertilizer application and consequently high quality products with no harmful chemicals for human health. In order to investigate the effect of seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and some morphological traits of triticale (Joanilo variety), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012, at the green house in agricultural science college of Mohaghegh Ardabili university. The factors consisted of nitrogen fertilizer timing in four levels including T1 (1/2 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation), T2 (1/3 in planting time + 1/3 during stem elongation + 1/3 before panicle appearance), T3 (1/4 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and T4 (1/4 in planting time + 1/4 during tilling stage + 1/4 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels including B0 (no-inoculation), B1 (Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 5), B2 (Azospirillum Lipoferum, strain OF) and B3 (Pseudomonas putida, strain 4). Results indicated that the interaction of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing were significant on all measured traits. It seems that seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels led to an increase in yield and improved growth indices as well as morphological traits so that the most leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and plant dry weight were observed in the interaction of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation in the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter and second fertilizer timing level increased grain yield 2.5 times more than the control treatment. The most values for morphological traits of triticale were acquired in seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Using biological fertilizers containing different microbial strains, leads to less chemical fertilizer application and consequently high quality products with no harmful chemicals for human health. In order to investigate the effect of seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and some morphological traits of triticale (Joanilo variety), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012, at the green house in agricultural science college of Mohaghegh Ardabili university. The factors consisted of nitrogen fertilizer timing in four levels including T1 (1/2 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation), T2 (1/3 in planting time + 1/3 during stem elongation + 1/3 before panicle appearance), T3 (1/4 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and T4 (1/4 in planting time + 1/4 during tilling stage + 1/4 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels including B0 (no-inoculation), B1 (Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 5), B2 (Azospirillum Lipoferum, strain OF) and B3 (Pseudomonas putida, strain 4). Results indicated that the interaction of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing were significant on all measured traits. It seems that seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels led to an increase in yield and improved growth indices as well as morphological traits so that the most leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and plant dry weight were observed in the interaction of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation in the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter and second fertilizer timing level increased grain yield 2.5 times more than the control treatment. The most values for morphological traits of triticale were acquired in seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels.