Comparisons weed density and diversity in two low and high input systems in soybean (Glycine max)

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

Hamid Salehian ¹ , Mohsen Salmani Mamaghani ²

1 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته رشته علف های هرز ، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران

Received: 2016-10-03 Accepted : 2018-09-23 Published : 2019-05-22

Keywords: soybean, weed, Input rate,

Abstract :

Identification long term effects of agricultural practices on the weed community help to weed sustainable management. Dynamic weed population is influenced by environment, soil properties and agronomical systems. This experiment was carried out in order to investigate levels of input consumption (values of herbicide, cultivation intensity and fertilizer) on weed abundance, density and composition in soybean fields. So,714 samples were taken in 2013 from 34 soybean fields in two low- and high-input systems located in an area extending from Qarakheyl in the middle of Mazandaran province to Sarjecor in the eastern Golestan province. In both input levels, 33 species belonging to 18 families were identified that were mainly broadleaf and annual species. Number of species had not any significant difference in both systems. In high input system number dominant species were low (two species) and in low input were more. Species richness and weed density were influenced by input levels, so that weed density and diversity were more in low input systems than in high input systems. Frequency of all of functional groups (vegetative cycle, life form and photosynthetic pathway) in low input system were significantly more. This study demonstrates that weeds in low systems are able to remain alive due to complete their life cycle, and due to limitation in herbicide usage, the role of tillage and fertilization must be bold.

References:

پسندیده، ح.، شریفی، ر.، حمیدی،آ.، مبصر،ص و م. صدقی. 1393. رابطه شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر ارقام تجاری سویا با ظهور گیاهچه در مزرعه. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران. جلد 1، شماره 1: 50-29.

جهانی،م.، ع.ر.کوچکی، م.نصیری و پ. رضوانی‌مقدم.1391. بررسی تاثیر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک بر شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای علف‌های هرز در مزارع گندم شرق مشهد. مجله بوم شناسی کشاورزی. جلد 4، شماره 2: 103-91.

زند،ا.، موسوی،ک. و ا.حیدری. 1393. علف­کش­ها و روش­های کاربرد آنها.انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. 547 صفحه.

کوچکی،ع.ر و م. نصیری. 1384. تاثیر سطوح مصرف نهاده بر بانک بذر علف‌های هرز در مزارع گندم مشهد. مجله پژوهش‌های زراعی ایران.جلد 3، شماره 1: 102-89.

نوروزاده،ش.، م.ح.راشد محصل، م.نصیری‌محلاتی، ع.ر.کوچکی‌ و م.عباسپور.1387. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‌ای، ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدی و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻒ‌ﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺧﺮاﺳان ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ، ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ و رﺿﻮی. مجله پژوهش‌های زراعی ایران.جلد 6، شماره 2: 486-471.

وزارت کشاورزی.1393.آمار کشاورزی.گروه طرح و تحقیق وزرات جهاد کشاورزی.

Albrecht, H.2005.Development of arable weed seedbanks during the 6 years after the change from conventional to organic farming .Weed.Res.43:339-350.

Armengot, L., A. Berner, J.M. Blanco-Moreno, P. Mader and F. Sans. 2015.Long-Term feasibility of reduced tillage in organic farming.Agron.Sutain.Dev.35: 339-346.

Armengot, L., J.M. Blanco-Moreno, P. Barberi, G. Bocci, S. Carlesi, R. Aendekerk, Berner, A. Luik, P. Mader, J. Peigne, E. Stoll,P. Delfosse, W. Sukkel, A.Surbock, W.Sukkel, A.Surbock, S.Westaway and F.Sans.2016.Tillage as a driver of change in weed communities:a functional perspective.Agr.Ecoland Environ.  22:276-285.

Avola, G., R.Tuttobene, F.Gresta and V.Abbate.2008. Weed control strategies for grain legumes. Agron. Sustain. Dev.28:389-395.

Berner, A., I. Hildermann, A. Flie, I. Pfiffner, U. Niggli and P.Mader.2008. Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management . Soil. Till. Res. 101:89-96.

Bolker, B. M., M.E. Brooks, C. Clark, S.W. Geange, J.R. Poulsen, M.H. Stevens and S.S. White. 2008. Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 24:127-135.

Brooks, D.R., J. Storkey, S.J. Clark, L.G. Firbank, S. Petit and L.P. Woiwod. 2012. Trophic links between functional groups of arable plants and beetles are stable at a nationalscale. J. Anim. Ecol. 81:4-13.

Buchs, W.2003.Biotic indicators for biodiversity and sustainable agriculture introduction and background. Agric. Ecosyst. and Environ. 98: 14-16.

Buhler, D.D., D.E. Stoltenberg, R.L.,Beckerand,J.L.Gunsolus.1994. Perennial weed population after 14 years of variable tillage and cropping practices.  Weed.Sci.42:205-209.

Buhler,D.D.,M.Liebman and J.Obrycki.2000.Theoretical and practical challenges to an IPM approach to weed management. Weed. Sci.48:274-280.

Chikowo, R., V.Faloya, S.Petitand, and N.M.Munier-Jolain.2009.Integrated weed management systems allow reduced reliance on herbicides and long-term weed control. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.132:137-242.

Davis, A.S., K.A.Renner and K.I.Gross.2005.Weed seedbank and community shifts in a long-term cropping systems experiment.Weed.Sci.53:296-306.

Dobozi,M and E.Lehoczkg.2003.Study on the nutrient content of weeds in potato. 3^rd International Plant Protection Symposium at Debrecen University.15-16.

Fried,G.,E.Kazakouand S.Gaba.2012.Trajectories of weed communities explained by traits associated with species response of management practices. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 158: 147-155.

Fuller,J., L.R. Norton, R.E. Feber, P.J. Johnson, D.E. Chamberlain, A.C. Joys,F. Mathew S,R.C., Stuart, M.C. Townsend, W.J.Manley, M.S.Wolfe, D.W.Macdonal and    L.G. Firbank. 2005. Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa. Biol. Lett. 1:431-434.

Gaba, S., G.Fried,E.Kazakoo,B.Chauvel and M.L.Navas.2014. Agrecological weed control using a functional approach: a review of cropping systems diversity.Agron.Sustain.Dev.34:103-119.

Gabriel, D., L.Roschewitz, T.Tscharntke and T.Thies.2006.Beta diversity at different spatial scales: plant communities in organic and conventional agriculture. Ecol. Appl. 16:2011-2021.

Gomez,K and A.Gomez.1984.Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley and Sons, New Tork, USA, pp, 24-29.

Graziani, F., A.Onofri, E.Pannacci, F.Tei and M.Guiducci.2012.Size and composition of weed seedbank in long-term organic and conventional low-input cropping systems. Eur. J. Agron. 39: 52-61.

Gunton, R.M., S.Petit and S.Gaba.2011.Functional traits relating arable weed communities to crop characteristics .J.Veg.Sci.22:541-550.

Hawes, C., G.R.Squire, P.D.Hallett, C.A.Watsonand M.Young.2010.Arable plant communities as indicators of farming practice. Agric. Ecosyst.  Environ. 138: 17-26.

Hyvonen, T., E.Ketoja, J.Salonen, H.Jalliand J.Tiainen.2003.Weed species diversity and community composition in organic and conventional cropping of spring cereals. Agrc. Ecosyst. Environ. 97: 131-149.

Jose - Maria, L and F.X.Sans.2011.Weed seed banks in arable fields: effects of management practices and surrounding land scape.Weed.Res.6:631-640.

Koocheki, A. R., M.Nassiri Mahalati, L.Alimoradi,L and R.Ghorbani.2009.Effect of cropping systems and crop rotations on weeds.Agron.Sustain.Dev.29:401-  408.

Mace, K.,P.Morion,N.M.Munier-Jolianand L.Quere.2007.Times scales as a factor Indecision-making by French farmers on weed management in annual  crops. Agr.Syst.93:115-142.

Mulugeta, D and D.E.Stoltenberg.1997.Weed and seedbank management with Integrated as influenced by tillage.Weed.Sci.45:706-715.

Norris, R.F., C.L.Elmore, M.Rejmanek and W.C.Akey.2001.Spatial arrangement, density and competition between barnyard grass growth and seed production. Weed.Sci.49:69-76.

Pacini,C., A. Wossinic, G. Giesen,C.VazzanaandR.Huirne.2003. Evaluation of sustainability of organic, integrated and conventional farming systems: a farm and field-scale analysis.Agr.Ecosyst. and Environ.95:273-288.

Peigne,J.,B.C.Ball,J.Roger-Estrade and C.David.2007.Is conservation tillage suitable for organic farming? Soil.Use.Manage.23:129-144.

Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., S.Díaz, andH.C.Cornelissen.C.2013. New handbook for standardized measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian. Botany.Published online 26 April 2013.

Power, E. F., D.L. Kellyand J.C.Stout. 2013. The impacts of traditional and novel herbicide application methods on target plants, non-target plants and production in intensive grasslands. Weed. Res. 2: 131-139.

Rahman, A., T.K.James, J.M.Mellsop and N.Grbavac.2001.Weed seedbank dynamicsin maize under different herbicide regimes. New Zeal.Plant. Prot. 54:168-173.

Rueda-Ayala, V.P., J.Rasmussen, R.Gerhards and N.E.Fournaise.2011.The influence of post emergence weed harrowing on selectivity, crop recovery and crop yield in different growth stages of winter wheat. Weed. Res. 51:478-488.

Santin-Montanya, M.L., D. Martin-Lammerding, I. Walter, E. Zambrana and J.L. Tenorio. 2013. Effects of tillage, crop systems and fertilization on weed  abundance and diversity in 4-year dry land winter wheat.Eur.J.Agron.48:43-49.

SAS,2001.SAS/STAT User`s duide.version 8. Vol.1-3.SAS Institute,Cary. Sosnoski, L.M and J. Cardina. 2006. Weed seedbank community composition in 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment.Weed.Sci.54:263-273.

Stocker,G and A.Bergmann.1977.Ein Modell der Dominanz-struktur und  seine Anvendung .Arch. Natursch. L and schaftforsch.17:1-26.

Storkey, J., D.Brooks, A.Haughton, C.Hawes, B.M.SmithandJ.M.Holland.2013. Using functional traits to quantity the value of plant communities to invertebrate ecosystem service providers in arable landscape.J.Ecol.101:38-46.

Trichard, A., A.Alignier, B.Chauveland S.Petit.2013.Identification of weed community traits response to conservation agriculture.Agr.Ecosyst. and   Environ.179:179-186.

Wohlgemuth,T.,M.Burgi,C.Scheideggerand M.Schutz.2002. Dominance reduction of species through disturbance-a proposed management principle for central  European forests. Forest. Ecol. Manage.166:1-15.