Effect of Salicylic Acid and Fertile Phosphate 2 Biofertilizer on Yield and Essence of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)
Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology
Aida Farhangi
1
,
Moosa Arshad
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ملکان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی ، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
Keywords: Grain yield, Foliar application, harvest index, inflorescence,
Abstract :
To study the response of some morphological traits, yield and essence of fennel, to foliar application of salicylic acid and phosphate 2 bio-fertilizers, an experiment was conducted in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Malekan in 2013. The experimental was conducted as randomized complete blocks with three replications. The factors was included foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (non-foliar and foliar application of 30 and 60 mmol/lit), and fertile phosphate 2 (non-inoculation and inoculation). Results showed that foliar application of salicylic acid with biofertilizer had significant effects on traits including plant height, shoot dry matter, grains per plant, thousand grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and yield essential oil. The highest grains per plant (2274), plant height (63.6 cm), percentage of essential oil (3.24%) and yield essential oil (0.96 g/plant) were obtained with application of 60 mmol/lit salicylic acid. Also the highest grain yield (3215.6 kg/ha), grains per plant (2215), plant height (63.18 cm) and yield essential oil (0.85 g/plant) were achieved with application of fertile phosphate 2. It seems that application of salicylic acid and fertile phosphate 2 bio-fertilizers due to the improvement of some traits such as grain yield, essence and grains per plant can be recommended for profitable fennel production.
بهار یساروی، س.، ح. ه، پیردشتی و ی. یعقوبیان. 1391 .اثر نیتروژن و سیلیسیم به همراه کودهای بیولوژیک بر بیماری سفیدک سطحی، صفات
فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد گندم. مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار، 2 :44-27 .
بهرامنژاد، ر و م. صفاری. 1393 .اثر پیش تیمارهای مختلف بذر بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و اسانس رازیانه
(Mill vulgare Foeniculum (در شرایط تنش آب. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی مهندسی آب و آبیاری، 5)17 :(29-14 .
جمشیدی، ا.، ف. سفیدکن و ا. محمدی گلتپه. 1391 .تأثیر سیستمهای مختلف تغذیه بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه داروئی رازیانه ( Foeniculum
Mill vulgare (تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبی. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی تحقیقات گیاهان داروئی و معطر ایران، 28)2 :(323-309 .
Abaas, I. S. 2014. The study of biometric and volatile oil quantity of sage plant (Salvia officinalis) as medicinal
plant affected by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6: 82-83.
Abd El-Fattah, D. A., W. E. Ewedab, M. S. Zayed, and M. k. Hassaneina. 2013. Effect of carrier materials,
sterilization method, and storage temperature on survival and biological activities of Azotobacter
chroococcum inoculants. Ann. Agric. Sci. 58: 111-118.
Ali, B., A. N. Sabri, and S. Hasnain. 2010. Rhizobacterial potential to alter auxin content and growth of Vigna
radiata (L.). World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 26: 1379-1384.
Asgharipour, R., M. Armin, and H. Pooresmail. 2014. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) alleviate
toxicity of cadmium on germination and early seedling growth of fennel. Int. J. Biosci. 5: 355-358.
Babana, A. H., A. H. Dicko, K. Maiga, and D. Traore. 2013. Characterization of rock phosphate-solubilizing
microorganisms isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Rhizosphere in Mali. J. Microbiol. Microbial.
Res. 1(1): 1-6.
Badran, F. S., N. M. Abdalla, M. K. Aly, and S. M. Ibrahim. 2007. Response of fennel plants to seeding rate and
partial replacement of mineral NPK by biofertilization treatments. 8th African Crop Science Society
Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31.
Berg, G., C. Zachow, H. Muller, J. Phillips, and R. Tilcher. 2013. Next-generation bio-products sowing the seeds
of success for sustainable agriculture. Agron. J. 3: 648-656.
Dadkhah, A. 2012. Effect of chemicals and bio-fertilizers on yield, growth parameters and essential oil contents
of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.). J. Med. Plants. Pro. 2: 101-105.
Garg, V. K. 2007. Effect of non-symbiotic microbial inoculants on growth, yield and quality of fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown in sodic soil. J. Spices. Aromatic Crops 16(2): 93-98.
Gunes, A., A. Inal, M. Alpaslan, F. Eraslan, E. G. Bagci, and N. Cicek. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on
some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.)
grown under salinity. J. Plant Physiol. 164: 728-736.
Harfouche, A. L., E. Rugini, F. Mencarelli, R. Botondi, and R. Muleo. 2008. Salicylic acid induces H2O2
production and endochitinase gene expression but not ethylene biosynthesis in Castanea sativa in vitro model
system. J. Plant Physiol. 165: 734-744.
Heidari, M, and A. Golpayegani. 2012. Effects of water stress and inoculation with plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and photosynthetic pigments in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J.
Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 11:57-61.
Karlidag, H., E. Yildirim, and M. Turan. 2009. Salicylic acid ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on
strawberry. J. Agric. Sci. 66: 271-278.
Khan, M, and S. Musharaf. 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. A Medicinal Herb. J. Med. Plants Res. 4: 46-54.
Khan, M. S., E. Ahmad, A. Zaidi, and M. Oves. 2013. Functional Aspect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria:
importance in crop production. Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Prod. 237-263.
Kuhad, R. C., S. Singh, M. Lata, and A. Singh. 2011. Phosphate-solubilizing
microorganisms. Soil Biol Biochem. 108: 65-84.
Leite, V. M., C. A. Rosolem, and J. Domingos Rodrigues. 2003. Gibberellin and cytokinin effects on soybean
growth. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz). 60: 537-541.
Mahdi, S. S., G. I. Hassan, A. Hussain, and L. F. Rasoo. 2011. Phosphorus availability issue- its fixation and role
of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in phosphate solubilization. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 2: 174-179.
Mahmoud, M., H. Kandil, and E. Omer. 2002. Fruit and essential oil yield of fennel, grown with fertilizer sources
for organic farming in Egypt. Landbauforschung Volkendrone. 52: 135-139.
Mirzaei, A., R. Naseri, A. Soleymanifard, and S. Vazan. 2011. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) on agronomic characteristic and root colonization in fennel. Planta Med. 77-PB5.
Moharekar, S. T., S. D. Lokhande, T. Hara, R. Tanaka, A. Tanaka, and P. D. Chavan. 2003. Effect of salicylic
acid on clorophyll and carotenoid contents of wheat and Moong seedlings. Photosynthetica. 41: 315-317.
Moradkhani, S., R. Ali Khavari Nejad, K. Dilmaghani, and N. Chaparzadeh. 2012. Effect of salicylic acid
treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid composition in sunflower. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 8: 78-89.
Murtaza, G, and R. Asghar. 2013. Effects of salicylic acid on sucrose synthase activity during seed development
and germination in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 83-90.
Ozturk, A., A. Unlukara, A. Ipek, and B. Gurbuz. 2004. Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth
and essential oil content of lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.). Pak. J. Bot. 36(4): 787-792.
Popova, L., L. Maslenkova, R. Yordanova, A. Krantev, G. Szalai, and T. Janda. 2008. Salicylic acid protects
photosynthesis against cadmium toxicity in pea plants. Gen. Appl. Plant Physiol. (Special Issue ) 34 (3-4):
133-148.
Purcarea, C, and D. Cachiţa Cosma. 2008. The influence of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid on the growth
of sunflower (Helianthus SP.) seedling roots and on their total absorption capacity. Studia Universitatis
“Vasile Goldi ”, Seria Ştiințele Vieţii (Life Sci. Ser). 18: 55-67.
Ramkumar, V. S, and E. Kannapiran. 2011. Isolation of total heterotrophic bacteria and phosphate solubilizing
bacteria and in vitro study of phosphatase activity and production of phytohormones by PSB. Arch. Appl. Sci.
Res. 3: 581-586.
Rowshan, V., M. Khosh Khoi, and K. Javidnia. 2010. Effects of salicylic acid on quality and quantity of essential
oil components in salvia macrosiphon. J. Biol. Environ. Sci. 4 (11): 77-82.
Sakhabutdinova, A. R., D. R. Fatkhutdinova, M. V. Bezrukova, and F. M. Shakirova. 2003. Salicylic acid
prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. Special Issue. 314-319.
Salvucci, M. E., C. Bartaa, J. A. Byersa, and A. Canarini. 2010. Photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning
between carbohydrates and isoprenoid products in vegetatively active and dormant guayule: physiological and
environmental constraints on rubber accumulation in a semiarid shrub. Physiol. Plant. 140: 368-379.
Scervino, J. M., V. L. Papinutti, M. S. Godoy, J. M. Rodriguez, I. D. Monica, M. Recchi, M. J. Pettinari, and A.
M. Godeas. 2011. Medium pH, carbon and nitrogen concentrations modulate the phosphate solubilization
efficiency of Penicillium purpurogenum through organic acid production. J. Appl. Microbiol. 110: 1215-1223.
Sharma, S., V. Kumar, and R. B. Tripathi. 2011. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMs) Soil.
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res. 1: 90-95.
Singh, T, and S. S. Purohit. 2011. Biofertilizers Technology. Agrobios (India). 408 pp.
Srinivasan, R., A. R. Alagawadi, S. Mahesh, K. K. Meena, and A. K. Saxena. 2012. Characterization of
phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from salt-affected soils of India and their effect on growth of sorghum
plants [Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench]. Ann. Microbiol. 62: 93-105.
Szepesi, A., J. Csiszar, S. Bajkan, K. Gemes, F. Horvath, L. Erdei, A. K. Deer, M. L. Simon, and I. Tari. 2005.
Role of salicylic acid pre-treatment on the acclimation of tomato plants to salt- and osmotic stress. Act. Biol.
Szeg. 49: 123-125.
Zamaninejad, M., S. Khavari Khorasani, M. Jami Moeini, and A. R. Heidarian. 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on
morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of Corn (Zea mays L.) under drought condition.
Eur. J. Exp. Biol. 3(2): 153-161.