Comparison of Qalandari themes in the works of Sheikh Ahmad Jam and Hafez Shirazi

Subject Areas : Comparative Literature Studies

, Jan Mohammad Afrazi, ¹ , Hamid Tabasi, ² , . Abolghasem Radfar ³

1 - PhD student of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran
3 - Department of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran

Received: 2022-02-10 Accepted : 2022-02-10 Published : 2022-02-20

Keywords: Islamic Mysticism, Qalandar, Hafez Shirazi, Sheikh Ahmad Jam, Qalandaria,

Abstract :

 Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a stage in which some of his literature was called Qalandar literature. The influence of Qalandari thoughts in Persian mystical poetry started from Sanai and reached the highest level of development in Hafez. The poets of Qalandariyat spoke of their desire for love, Qalandariyya, drunkenness and passion, and criticized the scholars and ascetics. In Qalandariyat, words such as: Tasbih, Khaneghah, Kharqah, Asceticism, Sajjada, Sufi, Faqih, Mosque, School, etc. have been ridiculed, and in contrast, words such as: Dir Moghan, Magh, Maghbcheh, May, It has many uses. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and library tools, the concepts of Qalandar in Hafez Divan and the works of poetry and prose of Ahmad Jam have been studied and compared. The results of the research show that Hafez and Sheikh Ahmad Jam have emphasized the issue of hypocrisy of religious people and Sharia more than others; Because the corruption that is created in this way in the society is much worse than the corruption of other classes. Also, Hafez and Sheikh Jam have emphasized the condemnation of selfishness and avoidance of the world and carnal habits. Hafez's wide range of views includes political, social, cultural, and religious issues; But Ahmad Jam has not mentioned the political characteristics of his society.