Synoptic patterns leading to the occurrence of extreme high temperature in the cold period of the south coast of Iran

Subject Areas : Climatology

Soudabeh Sanadizadeh ¹ , Hassan Lashkari ² , Seyed jamaledin Daryabary ³

1 - PhD student Climatology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Associate Professor of Geography Department ، Islamic Azad University، North Tehran Branch ، Tehran ، Iran

Received: 2023-05-24 Accepted : 2023-11-07 Published : 2023-10-23

Keywords: Extreme temperature, synoptic patterns, southern coasts of Iran, Sudan low pressure, Arabian subtropical high-pressure,

Abstract :

The occurrence of heatwaves, even in short time periods, can disrupt daily life and many social activities for residents. This phenomenon, when it persists for longer durations, may cause environmental and agricultural damage. The objective of this research is to extract and introduce synoptic patterns that lead to the creation of heatwaves in the southern coastal cities over the past 33 years. To achieve this goal, using the Z-score index and other selected criteria, heatwave samples were extracted for all selected stations. Based on the selected criteria, 90 heatwave samples were extracted for the 33-year statistical period. Then, using the factor analysis method and visual inspection with 1000 hPa weather data, dominant and frequent synoptic patterns were extracted. The results of this research showed that seven factors and 14 frequent patterns are the most dominant synoptic patterns that create heatwaves during the cold season in southern Iranian cities. Among these patterns, the first factor of the Sudan-Turkmenistan low-pressure pattern and, among the effective systems in creating high heatwave temperatures, the Sudan low-pressure system had the most significant role in the structure of synoptic patterns. In this pattern, the Sudan low-pressure system is combined with a northeast expansion towards the South and the warm air movement of the Hadley cell, causing an abnormal rise in temperatures at coastal stations. The core heat of this pattern is located over Sudan and Saudi Arabia. In the boundary layer to the middle troposphere, the Arabian trough rotates over the region, creating dynamic

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