Fabrication, Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructure Fe-Co-W Coatings Prepared by Electrodeposition
Subject Areas : journal of New MaterialsZ. Ghaferi 1 , S. Sharafi 2 , M. E. Bahrololoom 3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی مواد دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 - استاد بخش مهندسی مواد دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
3 - استاد بخش مهندسی مواد دانشگاه شیراز
Keywords: Magnetic property, Electrodeposition, Nanostructure, Fe−Co−W,
Abstract :
In this research, nanocrystalline FeCoW alloy coatings were electrodeposited on copper substrate. The results showed that current density and bath composition can affect structural and magnetic properties. However, surface morphology changed due to bath composition. Furthermore, by increasing current density, the amount of fcc phase decreased in fcc+bcc double phase structure. It was observed that deposition parameters didn’t change the grain size of the coatings efficiently, and this parameter was lower than 20 nm for all the cases. Due to the diffusional phenomenon that take places at higher current densities, the amount of deposited tungsten decreased, and thus lower microhardness values were reported. By comparing XRD and VSM data, it was assumed that the extensive change in the coercivity is related to the phase structure in these alloys.
1- G.P. Pavithra and A. Chitharanjan Hegde, "Magnetic property and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited nanocrystalline iron–nickel alloys", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, pp. 6884–6890, 2012.
2- S. Mehrizi, M. Heydarzadeh Sohi and S.A. Seyyed Ebrahimi, "Study of microstructure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline CoFeNiCu thinfilms", Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, pp. 4757–4763, 2011.
3- A. Karpuz, H. Kockar and M. Alper, "Effect of film thickness on properties of electrodeposited Ni–Co films", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, pp. 5046–5051, 2012.
4- A. Sharifati and S. Sharafi, "Structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed (Fe70Co30)91Cu9 powder", Materials and Design, Vol. 36, pp. 35–40, 2012.
5- N. M. Nik Rozlin and A. M. Alfantazi, "Nanocrystalline cobalt-iron alloy: Synthesis and characterization", Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 550, pp. 388-394, 2012.
6- A. Karpuz, H. Kockar, M. Alper, O. Karaagac and M. Haciismailoglu, "Electrodeposited Ni–Co films from electrolytes with different Co contents", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, pp. 4005–4010, 2012.
7- J. A. Koza, F. Karnbach, M. Uhlemann, J. McCord, C. Mickel, A. Gebert, S. Baunack and L. Schultz, "Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films", Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, pp. 819–831, 2010.
8- J. A. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert and L. Schultz, "The effect of magnetic fields on the electrodeposition of CoFe alloys", Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 53, pp. 5344–5353, 2008.
9- C. Qiang, J. Xu, S. Xiao, Y. Jiao, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Tian and Z. Zhou, "The influence of pH and bath composition on the properties of Fe–Co alloy film electrodeposition", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 257, pp. 1371–1376, 2010.
10- H. Kockar, E. Ozergin, O. Karaagac and M. Alper, "Characterisations of CoFeCu films: Influence of Fe concentration", Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 586, pp. 326–330, 2014.
11- A.M.P. Sakita, E.C. Passamani, H. Kumar, D.R. Cornejo, C.S. Fugivara, R.D. Noce and A.V. Benedetti, "Influence of current density on crystalline structure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co-rich CoNiW alloys", Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 141, pp. 576–581, 2013.
12- N. Tsyntsaru, H. Cesiulis, E. Pellicer, J.-P. Celis and J. Sort, "Structural, magnetic, and mechanical properties of electrodeposited cobalt–tungsten alloys: Intrinsic and extrinsic interdependencies", Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 104, pp. 94– 103, 2013.
13- A. L. M. Oliveira, J. D. Costa, M. B. de Sousa, J. J. N. Alves, A. R. N. Campos, R. A. C. Santana and S. Prasad, "Studies on electrodeposition and characterization of the Ni–W–Fe alloys coatings", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 619, pp. 697– 703, 2015.
14- B. Cullity, S. R Stock and S. Stock, Elements of x-ray diffraction, Addision-Wesley, London, 2001.
15- M.A. Farzaneh, K. Raeissi and M.A. Golozar, "Effect of current density on deposition process and properties of nanocrystalline Ni–Co–W alloy coatings", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 489, pp. 488–492, 2010.
16- M.A. Farzaneh, M.R. Zamanzad-Ghavidel, K. Raeissi, M.A. Golozar, A. Saatchi and S. Kabi, "Effects of Co and W alloying elements on the electrodeposition aspects and properties of nanocrystalline Ni alloy coatings"Applied Surface Science, Vol. 257, pp. 5919–5926, 2011.
17- O. Younes, L. Rosenberg, Y. Shacham-Diamand and E. Gileadi, "Electroplating of Amorphous Thin Films of Tungsten/ Nickel Alloys", Langmuir, Vol. 17, pp. 8270–8275, 2001.
18- M.D. Obradovic, R.M. Stevanovic and A.R. Despic, "Electrochemical deposition of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte", Journal of Electroanal. Chemistry, Vol. 552, pp. 185–196, 2003.
19- R. Oriňáková, A. Oriňák, G. Vering, I. Talian, R. M. Smith and H. F. Arlinghaus, "Influence of pH on the electrolytic deposition of Ni–Co films", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 516, pp. 3045-3050, 2008.
20- A. Karpuz, H. Kockar, M. Alper, O. Karaagac and M. Haciismailoglu, "Electrodeposited Ni–Co films from electrolytes with different Co contents", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, pp. 4005-4010, 2012.
21- I. Shao, L.T. Romankiw and C. Bonhote, "Stress in electrodeposited CoFe alloy films", Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 312, pp. 1262–1266, 2010.
22- Z. Ghaferi, K. Raeissi, M.A. Golozar and H. Edris, "Characterization of nanocrystalline Co–W coatings on Cu substrate, electrodeposited from a citrate-ammonia bath", Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 206, pp. 497–505, 2011.
23- R.A.C. Santana, S. Prasad, A.R.N. Campos, F.O. Araujo, G.P. Da Silva and P. De Lima-Neto, "Electrodeposition and corrosion behaviour of a Ni–W–B amorphous alloy", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 36, pp. 105–113, 2006.
24- Sh. Hassani, K. Raeissi and M. A. Golozar, "Effects of saccharin on the electrodeposition of Ni–Co nanocrystalline coatings", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 38, pp. 689–694, 2008.
25- L. Tian, J. Xu and S. Xiao, "The influence of pH and bath composition on the properties of Ni–Co coatings synthesized by electrodeposition", Vacuum, Vol. 86, pp. 27–33, 2011.
26- J. F. Rohan, B. M. Ahern, K. Reynolds, S. Crowley, D. A. Healyb, F. M.F. Rhen and S. Roy, "Electroless thin film CoNiFe–B alloys for integrated magnetics on Si", Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 54, pp. 1851–1856, 2009.
27- B. D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Addisson Wesley, Boston, 1972.
28- A. H. Bahrami, S. Sharafi and H. Ahmadian Baghbaderani, "The effect of Si addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of permalloy prepared by mechanical alloying method", Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 24, pp. 235–241, 2013.
29- M. Khajepour and S. Sharafi, "Structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe50(Co50)–6.5 wt% Si powder prepared by high energy ball milling", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 509, pp. 7729–7737, 2011.
30- B. Zuo, N. Saraswati, T. Sritharan and H.H. Hng, "Production and annealing of nanocrystalline Fe–Si and Fe–Si–Al alloy powders", Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 371, pp. 210–216, 2004.
31- Z. Ghaferia, S. Sharafi, M.E. Bahrololoom, "Effect of current density and bath composition on crystalline structure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited FeCoW alloy", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 355, pp. 766–773, 2015.
32- F. He, J. Yang, T. Lei and C. Gu, "Structure and properties of electrodeposited Fe–Ni–W alloys with different levels of tungsten content: A comparative study", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 253, pp. 7591–7598, 2007.
33- F. H. Su and P. Huang, "Microstructure and tribological property of nanocrystalline Co-W alloy coating produced by dual-pulse electrodeposition", Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 134, pp. 350-359, 2012.