Investigation on the effects of the amount and source of carbon on synthesis of Ti2AlC nanostructure by self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis method

Subject Areas : journal of New Materials

آزاده Karimi ¹ , حمیدرضا Baharvandi ² , حسین Abdi zadeh ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار، مجتمع مواد و فناوری‌های ساخت، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، دانشکده مهندسی متالورژی و مواد، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

Received: 2015-11-18 Accepted : 2018-01-29 Published : 2017-11-22

Keywords: Ti2AlC, MAX phase, Self-propagation high-Temperature synthesis (SHS), carbon source,

Abstract :

       In this study, Ti2AlC ternary carbide by mixing of Ti, Al and C powders and by self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis method has been synthesized. 2Ti:2Al:1C and 2Ti:2Al:0.5C compounds and carbon sources such as graphite, activated carbon and carbon black were used in order to evaluate the variables of composition and carbon source in the synthesis of Ti2AlC Max phase. First, the primary powders were weighed. Then, the supposed mixed powders were dry grinded for 3 hours. Then, they have been formed in pills under 80 MPa pressure. After applying the self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis process on the samples, X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission transmission electron microscopy were used to study the phase composition and to observe the microstructure, respectively. Ultimately, determined the maximum amount of synthesized Ti2AlC Max phase was 74 Wt. % and it is related to the sample with 2Ti:2Al:0.5C compound in which the activated carbon is used to provide carbon. Also it was observed that with an increase of 0.5 to 1 mole percent of carbon in the raw materials, weight percent of Ti2AlC MAX phase in the reaction products sharply reduced.

References:

1- P. Eklund, M. Beckers, U. Jansson, H. Högberg and L. Hultman, The M n+ 1 AX n phases: Materials science and thin-film processing, Thin Solid Films, 518  1851-1878(2010).

[2] M. Barsoum, Physical properties of the MAX phases, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, (2006) 1.         

[3] M.W. Barsoum, D. Brodkin and T. El-Raghy, Layered machinable ceramics for high temperature applications, Scripta Materialia, 36 (1997) 535-541.          

[4] M. Radovic and M.W. Barsoum, MAX phases: Bridging the gap between metals and ceramics, American Ceramics Society Bulletin, 92 (2013) 20-27. 

[5] M.W. Barsoum and M. Radovic, Elastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases, Annual review of materials research, 41 (2011) 195-227.          

[6] S. Basu, N. Obando, A. Gowdy, I. Karaman, and M. Radovic, Long-Term Oxidation of Ti2AlC in Air and Water Vapor at 1000–1300° C Temperature Range, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 159 (2011) C90-C96.           

[7] J. Lis, L. Chlubny, M. Łopaciński, L. Stobierski, and M.M. Bućko, Ceramic nanolaminates—Processing and application, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 28 (2008) 1009-1014.         

[8] Z. Lin, M. Zhuo, Y. Zhou, M. Li, and J. Wang, Microstructural characterization of layered ternary Ti 2 AlC, Acta materialia, 54 (2006) 1009-1015.       

[9] Z. Sun, Progress in research and development on MAX phases: A family of layered ternary compounds, International Materials Reviews, 56 (2011) 143-166.

[10] Y. Zhou, and X. Wang, Deformation of polycrystalline Ti2AlC under compression, Material Research Innovations, 5 (2001) 87-93.

[11] W. Zhou, B. Mei, J. Zhu, and X. Hong, Rapid synthesis of Ti 2 AlC by spark plasma sintering technique, Materials Letters, 59 (2005) 131-134.           

[12] B. Mei, W. Zhou, J. Zhu, and X. Hong, Synthesis of high-purity Ti 2 AlC by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the elemental powders, Journal of materials science, 39 (2004) 1471-1472. 

[13] X. Wang, and Y. Zhou, Solid-liquid reaction synthesis and simultaneous densification of polycrystalline Ti2AlC, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, 93 (2002) 66-71.

[14] Y. Khoptiar, and I. Gotman, Ti 2 AlC ternary carbide synthesized by thermal explosion, Materials Letters, 57 (2002) 72-76.

[15] J. Zhu, J. Gao, J. Yang, F. Wang, and K. Niihara, Synthesis and microstructure of layered-ternary Ti 2 AlC ceramic by high energy milling and hot pressing, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 490 (2008) 62-65.

[16] Y. Bai, X. He, C. Zhu, and G. Chen, Microstructures, Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Ti2AlC Synthesized by Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Combustion Synthesis with Pseudo Hot Isostatic Pressing, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 95 (2012) 358-364.

[17] S. Hashimoto, N. Nishina, K. Hirao, Y. Zhou, H. Hyuga, S. Honda, and Y. Iwamoto, Formation mechanism of Ti 2 AlC under the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) mode, Materials Research Bulletin, 47 (2012) 1164-1168.     

[18] L. Chlubny, J. Lis, and M.M. Bućko, Sintering and Hot-Pressing of Ti2AlC Obtained by SHS Process,  Advances in Science and Technology, Trans Tech Publ, 2011, pp. 282-286.           

[19] C. Yeh, and Y. Shen, Effects of TiC and Al 4 C 3 addition on combustion synthesis of Ti 2 AlC, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 470 (2009) 424-428.          

[20] A. Stolin, D. Vrel, S. Galyshev, A. Hendaoui, P. Bazhin, and A. Sytschev, Hot forging of MAX compounds SHS-produced in the Ti-Al-C system, International Journal of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, 18 (2009) 194-199.         

[21] R. Pampuch, and J. Lis, Advanced methods for SHS of powders developed in Krakow, International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis, 17 (2008) 85-91.

[22] ب. امینی کیا و ص. فیروزی، بررسی تاثیر پارامتر زمان آسیاب کاری بر ریزساختار نهایی پودر TiB2-TiC نانو کریستالی تولیدی به روش سنتز احتراقی تحت مایکروویو، مجله مواد نوین، (1393)، 29-15.

[23] A. Rogachev, and F. Baras, Models of SHS: An overview, International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis, 16 (2007) 141-153.  

[24] A. Hendaoui, D. Vrel, A. Amara, P. Langlois, M. Andasmas, and M. Guerioune, Synthesis of high-purity polycrystalline MAX phases in Ti–Al–C system through Mechanically Activated Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 30 (2010) 1049-1057.

[25] C.-A. Wang, A. Zhou, L. Qi, and Y. Huang, Quantitative phase analysis in the Ti–Al–C ternary system by X-ray diffraction, Powder Diffr., 20 (2005) 218-223.  

[26] A. Mohammad-Khah, and R. Ansari, Activated charcoal; preparation, characterization and applications: a review article, Int J Chem Tech Res, 1 (2009) 2745-2788.

[27] X. Hong, B. Mei, J. Zhu and, W. Zhou, Fabrication of Ti2AIC by hot pressing of Ti, TiC, Al and active carbon powder mixtures, Journal of materials science, 39 (2004) 1589-1592.

[28] Y. Bai, X. He, Y. Li, C. Zhu, and S. Zhang, Rapid synthesis of bulk Ti 2 AlC by self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis with a pseudo–hot isostatic pressing process, Journal of Materials Research, 24 (2009) 2528-2535.     

[29] W. Ping, B.-c. MEI, X.-l. HONG, and W.-b. ZHOU, Synthesis of Ti 2 AlC by hot pressing and its mechanical and electrical properties, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 17 (2007) 1001-1004.