Explaining the relationship between management، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of perceived justice in Iranian Premier League clubs
Subject Areas :
abdolrahim
Khodajoo
1
(Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran)
Masoud
naderian Jahromi
2
(Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran)
mohammad sadegh
afroozeh
3
(Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran)
Hosein
Dastbarhagh
4
(Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran)
Keywords: Perceived Justice, Sports Performance, Football Premier league, Diversity Management,
Abstract :
Relying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This research was applied in terms of purpose، based on data collection، it was descriptive-survey. The statistical population was all the players of the teams present in the Premier Football League (N = 480) which were determined using Cochran's formula 214 people and were selected by available sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using appropriate indicators. Structural equation modeling in AMOS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that diversity management and organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on sports performance and these two variables can predict 41% of its changes. Diversity management also affect the perceived justice. On the other hand، perceived justice can play a mediating role in the relationship between diversity management and sports performance، ie it can transfer some of the impact of diversity management on sports performance.
حسنلو، ام البنین، گلرد، پروانه. (1397). رابطه مولفه‌های تنوع نیروی کار با عملکرد کارکنان دانشگاه زنجان. مجله توانمندسازی سرمایه انسانی، 1(2)، 103-113
شاکر اردکانی، محمد، ابزری، مهدی، شائمی، علی، فتحی، سعید. (1395). مدیریت‌تنوع و بهره‌‌وری منابع انسانی: اثرات میانجی جذابیت سازمانی ادراک شده، عدالت‌سازمانی ادراک شده و هویت اجتماعی ادراک شده در صنعت فولاد اصفهان. مجله ایرانی مطالعات مدیریت، 9(2)، 407-432.
شعبانی بهار، غلارضا، نیکوفر، مرتضی، عرفانی، نصراله، حمیدی، مهرزاد. (1393). نقش مدیریت‌تنوع در فرسودگی شغلی اعضای هیأت علمی تربیت بدنی دانشگاه‌های سراسر کشور. پژوهشهای معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی، 4(7)، 67-79.
شعبانی بهار، غلامرضا، نیکوفر، مرتضی، عرفانی، نصراله، حمیدی، مهرزاد. (1393). نقش مدیریت‌تنوع در بالندگی سازمانی اعضای هیات علمی تربیت بدنی دانشگاه‌های سراسر کشور. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی پژوهشهای کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی، 3(2)، 127-137.
Acosta, R. V., & Carpenter, L. J. (2012). Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study. Thirty-Five Year Update, 1977-2012. Acosta-Carpenter.
Altavilla, G., Tafuri, D., & Raiola, G. (2014). Som؛ e aspects on teaching and learning by physical activity. Sport Science, 7(1), 7-9.
Andrade, A. M. (2020). Science Education Research in South America: Social Cohesion and Cultural Diversity. In Science Education Research in Latin America (pp. 59-83). Brill.
Avery, D. R., & McKay, P. F. (2010). Doing diversity right: An empirically based approach to effective diversity management. International Review of Industrial and Organization Psychology(25).
Buemi, M., Conte, M., & Guazzo, G. (Eds.). (2016). Il Diversity Management per una crescita inclusiva. Strategie e strumenti: Strategie e strumenti. FrancoAngeli.
Castellucci, P., Martone, A., Minelli, E., Rebora G., & Traquandi L. (2009). Diversity Manage-ment. The diversity in business management. IPSOA.
Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Transformational leadership and sports performance: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 31(7), 1521-1534.
Dennissen, M., Benschop, Y., & van den Brink, M. (2020). Rethinking diversity management: an intersectional analysis of diversity networks. Organization Studies, 41(2), 219-240.
Di Palma, D., & Belfiore, P. (2018). Sport Paths To Overcome The Diversity. Giornale Italiano di Educazione alla Salute, Sport e Didattica Inclusiva, 2(4).
Ely, R. J. (2004). A field study of group diversity, participation in diversity education programs, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(6), 755-780.
Ely, R. J., & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative science quarterly, 46(2), 229-273.
El-Amin, A. (2022). Improving organizational commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. In Social Justice Research Methods for Doctoral Research (pp. 208-221). IGI Global.
Fine, C., Sojo, V., & Lawford‐Smith, H. (2020). Why does workplace gender diversity matter? Justice, organizational benefits, and policy. Social Issues and Policy Review.
Fink, J. S., Pastore, D. L., & Riemer, H. A. (2003). Managing employee diversity: Perceived practices and organisational outcomes in NCAA Division III athletic departments. Sport Management Review, 6(2), 147-168.
Foster, C., & Harris, L. (2005). Easy to say, difficult to do: diversity management in retail. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 4-17.
Fujimoto, Y., Härtel, C. E., & Azmat, F. (2013). Towards a diversity justice management model: integrating organizational justice and diversity management. Social Responsibility Journal.
Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z., & Procházková, K. (2022). The way to business competitiveness: the importance of diversity management and teamwork climate in stabilizing of employees. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(3), 606-625.
Houlihan, B., & Malcolm, D. (2015). Sport and society: a student introduction: Sage.
Isidori, E., Müller, A., & Kaya, S. (2012). The referee as educator: Hermeneutical and pedagogical perspectives. Physical Culture And Sport. Studies And Research, 56(1), 5-11.
Kearns, A., & Forrest, R. (2000). Social cohesion and multilevel urban governance. Urban studies, 37(5-6), 995-1017.
Kirton, G., & Greene, A. M. (2010). The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Kulik, C. T., & Li, Y. (2015). The fork in the road: Diversity management and organizational justice.
Lapchick, R. (2016). The 2014 Racial and Gender Report Card: Major League Soccer. Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport, 14.
Laurence, J., Schmid, K., & Hewstone, M. (2019). Ethnic diversity, ethnic threat, and social cohesion:(re)-evaluating the role of perceived out-group threat and prejudice in the relationship between community ethnic diversity and intra-community cohesion. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(3), 395-418.
Lauring, J. (2013). International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses. Brit-ish Journal of Management, 24(2), 211-224.
Letki, N. (2008). Does diversity erode social cohesion? Social capital and race in British neighbourhoods. Political Studies, 56(1), 99-126.
Magoshi, E., & Chang, E. (2009). Diversity management and the effcts on employees’ organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44, 31–40.
Miranda, A. R. A., Cappelle, M. C. A., Sampaio, J. M., Bujato, I. A., & Siqueira, R. F. B. d. (2020). This is overcome!: Prejudice justification in banks which have diversity management programs. Revista Psicologia Organizações e Trabalho, 20(1), 947-955.
Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management journal, 36(3), 527-556.
Otaye-Ebede, L. (2019). Antecedents and outcomes of managing diversity in a UK context: test of a mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(18), 2605-2627.
Portes, A., & Vickstrom, E. (2011). Diversity, social capital, and cohesion. Annual review of sociology, 37, 461-479.
Raiola, G., Tafuri, D., & Di Palma, D. (2017). Sport & Diversity Management. Sport Science, 10(1), 51-54.
Roberson, Q. M. (2017). Diversifying Diversity: Creating An Integrative Agenda For The Evolution Of Diversity As A Science And Practice1. Management And Diversity: Thematic Approaches, 335.
Roberson, Q.M. & Park, H.J. (2007). “Examining the link between diversity and firm performance the effects of diversity reputation and leader racial diversity”. Group and Organization Management, 32(5), 548- 568.
Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce diversity: A key to improve productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(1), 76-85.
Singer, J. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2012). A case study of the diversity culture of an American university athletic department: Perceptions of senior level administrators. Sport, Education and Society, 17(5), 647-669.
Süß, S., & Kleiner, M. (2008). Dissemination of diversity management in Germany: A new institutionalist approach. European Management Journal, 26(1), 35-47.
Van Knippenberg, D., Nishii, L. H., & Dwertmann, D. J. (2020). Synergy from diversity: Managing team diversity to enhance performance. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(1), 75-92.
Vianden, J., & Gregg, E. A. (2017). What’s My Responsibility? Undergraduate heterosexual white men in sport management discuss increasing diversity in sport. Sport Management Education Journal, 11(2), 88-101.
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حسنلو، ام البنین، گلرد، پروانه. (1397). رابطه مولفه‌های تنوع نیروی کار با عملکرد کارکنان دانشگاه زنجان. مجله توانمندسازی سرمایه انسانی، 1(2)، 103-113
شاکر اردکانی، محمد، ابزری، مهدی، شائمی، علی، فتحی، سعید. (1395). مدیریت‌تنوع و بهره‌‌وری منابع انسانی: اثرات میانجی جذابیت سازمانی ادراک شده، عدالت‌سازمانی ادراک شده و هویت اجتماعی ادراک شده در صنعت فولاد اصفهان. مجله ایرانی مطالعات مدیریت، 9(2)، 407-432.
شعبانی بهار، غلارضا، نیکوفر، مرتضی، عرفانی، نصراله، حمیدی، مهرزاد. (1393). نقش مدیریت‌تنوع در فرسودگی شغلی اعضای هیأت علمی تربیت بدنی دانشگاه‌های سراسر کشور. پژوهشهای معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی، 4(7)، 67-79.
شعبانی بهار، غلامرضا، نیکوفر، مرتضی، عرفانی، نصراله، حمیدی، مهرزاد. (1393). نقش مدیریت‌تنوع در بالندگی سازمانی اعضای هیات علمی تربیت بدنی دانشگاه‌های سراسر کشور. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی پژوهشهای کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی، 3(2)، 127-137.
Acosta, R. V., & Carpenter, L. J. (2012). Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study. Thirty-Five Year Update, 1977-2012. Acosta-Carpenter.
Altavilla, G., Tafuri, D., & Raiola, G. (2014). Som؛ e aspects on teaching and learning by physical activity. Sport Science, 7(1), 7-9.
Andrade, A. M. (2020). Science Education Research in South America: Social Cohesion and Cultural Diversity. In Science Education Research in Latin America (pp. 59-83). Brill.
Avery, D. R., & McKay, P. F. (2010). Doing diversity right: An empirically based approach to effective diversity management. International Review of Industrial and Organization Psychology(25).
Buemi, M., Conte, M., & Guazzo, G. (Eds.). (2016). Il Diversity Management per una crescita inclusiva. Strategie e strumenti: Strategie e strumenti. FrancoAngeli.
Castellucci, P., Martone, A., Minelli, E., Rebora G., & Traquandi L. (2009). Diversity Manage-ment. The diversity in business management. IPSOA.
Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Transformational leadership and sports performance: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 31(7), 1521-1534.
Dennissen, M., Benschop, Y., & van den Brink, M. (2020). Rethinking diversity management: an intersectional analysis of diversity networks. Organization Studies, 41(2), 219-240.
Di Palma, D., & Belfiore, P. (2018). Sport Paths To Overcome The Diversity. Giornale Italiano di Educazione alla Salute, Sport e Didattica Inclusiva, 2(4).
Ely, R. J. (2004). A field study of group diversity, participation in diversity education programs, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(6), 755-780.
Ely, R. J., & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative science quarterly, 46(2), 229-273.
El-Amin, A. (2022). Improving organizational commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. In Social Justice Research Methods for Doctoral Research (pp. 208-221). IGI Global.
Fine, C., Sojo, V., & Lawford‐Smith, H. (2020). Why does workplace gender diversity matter? Justice, organizational benefits, and policy. Social Issues and Policy Review.
Fink, J. S., Pastore, D. L., & Riemer, H. A. (2003). Managing employee diversity: Perceived practices and organisational outcomes in NCAA Division III athletic departments. Sport Management Review, 6(2), 147-168.
Foster, C., & Harris, L. (2005). Easy to say, difficult to do: diversity management in retail. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 4-17.
Fujimoto, Y., Härtel, C. E., & Azmat, F. (2013). Towards a diversity justice management model: integrating organizational justice and diversity management. Social Responsibility Journal.
Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z., & Procházková, K. (2022). The way to business competitiveness: the importance of diversity management and teamwork climate in stabilizing of employees. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(3), 606-625.
Houlihan, B., & Malcolm, D. (2015). Sport and society: a student introduction: Sage.
Isidori, E., Müller, A., & Kaya, S. (2012). The referee as educator: Hermeneutical and pedagogical perspectives. Physical Culture And Sport. Studies And Research, 56(1), 5-11.
Kearns, A., & Forrest, R. (2000). Social cohesion and multilevel urban governance. Urban studies, 37(5-6), 995-1017.
Kirton, G., & Greene, A. M. (2010). The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Kulik, C. T., & Li, Y. (2015). The fork in the road: Diversity management and organizational justice.
Lapchick, R. (2016). The 2014 Racial and Gender Report Card: Major League Soccer. Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport, 14.
Laurence, J., Schmid, K., & Hewstone, M. (2019). Ethnic diversity, ethnic threat, and social cohesion:(re)-evaluating the role of perceived out-group threat and prejudice in the relationship between community ethnic diversity and intra-community cohesion. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(3), 395-418.
Lauring, J. (2013). International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses. Brit-ish Journal of Management, 24(2), 211-224.
Letki, N. (2008). Does diversity erode social cohesion? Social capital and race in British neighbourhoods. Political Studies, 56(1), 99-126.
Magoshi, E., & Chang, E. (2009). Diversity management and the effcts on employees’ organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44, 31–40.
Miranda, A. R. A., Cappelle, M. C. A., Sampaio, J. M., Bujato, I. A., & Siqueira, R. F. B. d. (2020). This is overcome!: Prejudice justification in banks which have diversity management programs. Revista Psicologia Organizações e Trabalho, 20(1), 947-955.
Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management journal, 36(3), 527-556.
Otaye-Ebede, L. (2019). Antecedents and outcomes of managing diversity in a UK context: test of a mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(18), 2605-2627.
Portes, A., & Vickstrom, E. (2011). Diversity, social capital, and cohesion. Annual review of sociology, 37, 461-479.
Raiola, G., Tafuri, D., & Di Palma, D. (2017). Sport & Diversity Management. Sport Science, 10(1), 51-54.
Roberson, Q. M. (2017). Diversifying Diversity: Creating An Integrative Agenda For The Evolution Of Diversity As A Science And Practice1. Management And Diversity: Thematic Approaches, 335.
Roberson, Q.M. & Park, H.J. (2007). “Examining the link between diversity and firm performance the effects of diversity reputation and leader racial diversity”. Group and Organization Management, 32(5), 548- 568.
Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce diversity: A key to improve productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(1), 76-85.
Singer, J. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2012). A case study of the diversity culture of an American university athletic department: Perceptions of senior level administrators. Sport, Education and Society, 17(5), 647-669.
Süß, S., & Kleiner, M. (2008). Dissemination of diversity management in Germany: A new institutionalist approach. European Management Journal, 26(1), 35-47.
Van Knippenberg, D., Nishii, L. H., & Dwertmann, D. J. (2020). Synergy from diversity: Managing team diversity to enhance performance. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(1), 75-92.
Vianden, J., & Gregg, E. A. (2017). What’s My Responsibility? Undergraduate heterosexual white men in sport management discuss increasing diversity in sport. Sport Management Education Journal, 11(2), 88-101.