Techniques of Contraction and Expansion of Narration in Masnavi Manavi (The Case Study: Daquqi Story)
Subject Areas : Mythomehrdad Akbari Gandomani 1 , Mahdireza Kamali Baniyani 2
1 - Ph D. in of Persian Language and Literature, IAU, Arak Branch
2 - The Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, IAU, Arak Branch
Keywords: Association, Dilemma, Narrative Contraction and Expansion, Daquqi Story,
Abstract :
The analysis of narrative functions is one of the most important methods of understanding a story. Series of events that occur naturally or unnaturally in a story lay the foundations of it. The course of events in many stories is a transition from one state to another one and then returning to the previous situation. Accordingly, anything that keeps suspended the reader at the end of the story, leads to narrative contraction, and anything that causes to openness and continuation of the story, leads to narrative expansion. Since Masnavi Manavi has a nested structure and uses the style of” story-in-story”, it is one of the most notable samples of this technique’s application. In this paper, the story of Daquqi (in the third book of Masnavi) is analyzed. It seems that MulānāJalāl-al Din Rumī, is influenced by internal factors and his own education, has created a kind of allegorical narration; and from the beginning of the story and with regards to the mystical space, the method of story-in-story and etc., he has made his narration a place for successive association of ideas and images. The created narrative contractions and expansions in the story lead to suspensions that creating the enthusiasm of readers for reaching to the end of the story as an obvious result of it. After considering the method of fiction in Masnavi, and explaining the association and its important indices, the present research attempts to divide all verses into three stages of beginning, middle, and end of the story, and to analyze the formation of narrative contraction and expansion in these three stages.
آتش‌سودا، محمد علی. 1383. رؤیای بیداری. فسا: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فسا.
اخوت، احمد. 1371. دستور زبان داستان. چ 1. اصفهان: فردا.
استالی براس، اولیور و آلن بولاک. 1369. فرهنگ اندیشة نو. ترجمة کریم امامی و دیگران. به کوشش ع. پاشایی. تهران: مازیار.
اکبری، مهرداد و محسن ذوالفقاری. 1394. «تحلیل مفهوم تعلیق در ساختار روایت مطالعة موردی سورة نبأ». فصلنامة پژوهش‌های ادبی ـ قرآنی. س3. ش4.
ایدل، له اون. 1367 . قصة روان‌شناختی نو. ترجمة ناهید سرمد. چ اول. تهران: شبآویز.
براهنی، رضا. 1384. قصه‌نویسی. چ4. تهران: البرز.
بهشتی، الهه. 1375. عوامل داستان. تهران: برگ.
پورنامداریان، تقی. 1380. در سایة آفتاب. تهران: سمت.
خانلری، پرویز. 1373. دستور تاریخی زبان فارسی. به کوشش عفت مستشارنیا. تهران: توس.
رحمانی، هما و عبدالله رادمرد. 1391. «بازنگری معنایی در «التفات» بلاغی و اقسام و کارکردهای آن». جستارهای ادبی. ش 176.
ریمون-کنان، شلموت. 1382. «مؤلفه‌های زمان در روایت». ترجمة ابوالفضل حرّی. فصلنامة هنر. ش 53.
زرین‌کوب، عبدالحسین. 1366. بحر در کوزه. چ اول. تهران: علمی.
ــــــــــــــــــــــ . 1372. سرِّ نی. چ4. تهران: علمی.
علوی مقدم، محمد و رضا اشرف‌زاده. 1380. معانی و بیان. تهران: سمت.
فروم، اریش. 1356. زبان از یاد رفته. ترجمة ابراهیم امانت. تهران: مروارید.
کادن، جی. ای. 1380. فرهنگ ادبیات و نقد. ترجمة کاظم فیروزمند. تهران: شادگان.
گورین، ال و دیگران. 1370. راهنمای رویکردهای نقد ادبی. ترجمة زهرا مهین خواه. تهران: اطلاعات.
مصفا، محمد جعفر. 1378. «شرحی بر قصه دقوقی و کراماتش». روزنامه ابرار. 5 خرداد.
میرصادقی، جمال. 1376. عناصر داستان. تهران: سخن.
مولوی، جلال الدین محمد. 1375. مثنوی معنوی. به کوشش عبدالکریم سروش. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
ناباکوف، ولادیمیر. 1368. «یا قصه‌ای بگو یا بمیـر». ترجمة مهوش قویمی. نشریة آدینه. ش38.
نوروزپور، لیلا و همایون جمشیدیان. 1387. «تحلیل داستان دقوقی از مثنوی». کاوش‌نامه. س9. ش17.
یونگ، کارل گوستاو. 1370. خاطرات، رؤیاها، اندیشه‌ها. ترجمة پروین فرامرزی. مشهد: معاونت فرهنگی آستان قدس رضوی.
References
Akbarī, Mehrdād & Mohsen Zolfaqārī. (2015/1394SH). “Tahlīl-e mafhūm-e ta’līq dar sāxtār-e revāyat, motāle’e-ye moredī sūre-ye naba”. Fasl-nāme-ye Pažūheš-hā-ye Adabī-Qor’ānī. Year 3. No. 4.
Alavīmoqaddam, Mohammad & Rezā Ašrafzāde. (2001/1380SH). Ma’ānī va bayān. Tehrān: Samt.
Ātašsodā, Mohammad Alī. (2004/1383SH). Ro’yā-ye bīdārī. Fasā: Islamic Azad University Fasā Branch.
Barāhanī, Rezā. (2005/1384SH). Qesse nevīsī. 4th ed. Tehrān: Alborz.
Beheštī, Elāhe. (1996/1375SH). A’vāmel-e dāstān. Tehrān: Barg.
Cuddon, John Anthony. (2001/1380SH). Farhang-e adabiyāt va naqd (A dictionary of Literacy terms and Literary theory). Tr. by Kāzem Fīrūzmand. Tehrān: Šādegān.
Edel, Leon. (1988/1367SH). Qesse-ye ravān-šenāxtī-ye no (The modern psychological novel). Tr. by Nāhīd Sarmad. First ed. Tehrān: Šabāvīz.
Fromm. Erich. (1977/1356SH). Zabān-e az yād rafte (The Forgotten Language). Tr. by Ebrāhīm Amānat. Tehrān: Morvārīd.
Guerin, Wilfred L. & et al. (1991/1370SH). Rāhnama-ye rūykard-hā-ye naqd-e adabī(A handbook of critical approaches to literature). Tr. by Zahrā Mīhanxāh.Tehrān: Etelā’āt.
Jung, Carl Gustav. (1991/1370SH). Xāterāt, royā-hā, andīše-hā (Memories, Dreams, Reflections). Tr. by Parvīn Farāmarzī. Mašhad: Mo’āvenat-e Farhangī-ye Āstān-e Qods-e Razavī.
Mīrsādeqī, Jamāl. (1997/1376SH). Anāsor-e dāstān. Tehrān: Soxan.
Molavī, Jalāl al-dīn Mohammad.(1996/1375SH). Masnavī-ye ma’navī. With the Effort of Abdolkarīm Sorūš. Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī.
Mosafā, Mohammad Jafar. (1999/1378SH). “Šarhī bar qesse-ye daqūqī va kerāmātaš”. Abrār Newspaper. 5th Xordād.
Nabokov, Vladimir. (1989/1368SH). “Yā qesse begū yā bemīr”. Tr. by Mahvaš Qavīmī. Našrīye-ye Ādīne. No. 38.
Norūzpūr, Leilā & Homāyūn Jamšīdiyān. (2008/1387SH). “Tahlīl-e dāstān-e daqūqī az masnavī”. Kāvoš-nāme. Year 9. No. 17.
Oxovat, Ahmad. (1992/1371SH). Dastūr-e zabān-e dāstān. First ed. Esfahān: Fardā.
Pūrnāmdāriyān, Taqī. (2001/1380SH). Dar sāye-ye āftāb. Tehrān: Samt.
Rahmānī, Homā & Abdollāh Rādmard. (2012/1391SH). “Bāznegarī-ye ma’nāyī dar eltefāt-e balāqī va aqsām va kārkard-hā-ye ān”. Jostār-hā-ye Adabī. No. 176.
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. (2003/1382SH). “Mo’alefe-hā-ye zamān dar revāyat”. Tr. by Abolfszl Horrī. Fasl-nāme-ye Honar. No. 53.
Stally Brass, Oliver & Alan Bullock. (1990/1369SH). Farhang-e andīše-ye no (The Fontana dictionary of modern thought). Tr. by Karīm Emāmī et al. With the Effort of Pāšāī. Tehrān: Māziyār.
Xānlarī, Parvīz. )1994/1373SH). Dastūr-e tārīxī-ye zabān-e fārsī. With the Effort of Effat Mostašārniyā. Tehrān: Tūs.
Zarrīnkūb, Abdolhossein. (1987/1366SH). Bahr dar kūze. First ed. Tehrān: Elmī.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (1993/1372SH). Serr-e ney. 4th ed. Tehrān: Elmī.
_||_
References
Akbarī, Mehrdād & Mohsen Zolfaqārī. (2015/1394SH). “Tahlīl-e mafhūm-e ta’līq dar sāxtār-e revāyat, motāle’e-ye moredī sūre-ye naba”. Fasl-nāme-ye Pažūheš-hā-ye Adabī-Qor’ānī. Year 3. No. 4.
Alavīmoqaddam, Mohammad & Rezā Ašrafzāde. (2001/1380SH). Ma’ānī va bayān. Tehrān: Samt.
Ātašsodā, Mohammad Alī. (2004/1383SH). Ro’yā-ye bīdārī. Fasā: Islamic Azad University Fasā Branch.
Barāhanī, Rezā. (2005/1384SH). Qesse nevīsī. 4th ed. Tehrān: Alborz.
Beheštī, Elāhe. (1996/1375SH). A’vāmel-e dāstān. Tehrān: Barg.
Cuddon, John Anthony. (2001/1380SH). Farhang-e adabiyāt va naqd (A dictionary of Literacy terms and Literary theory). Tr. by Kāzem Fīrūzmand. Tehrān: Šādegān.
Edel, Leon. (1988/1367SH). Qesse-ye ravān-šenāxtī-ye no (The modern psychological novel). Tr. by Nāhīd Sarmad. First ed. Tehrān: Šabāvīz.
Fromm. Erich. (1977/1356SH). Zabān-e az yād rafte (The Forgotten Language). Tr. by Ebrāhīm Amānat. Tehrān: Morvārīd.
Guerin, Wilfred L. & et al. (1991/1370SH). Rāhnama-ye rūykard-hā-ye naqd-e adabī(A handbook of critical approaches to literature). Tr. by Zahrā Mīhanxāh.Tehrān: Etelā’āt.
Jung, Carl Gustav. (1991/1370SH). Xāterāt, royā-hā, andīše-hā (Memories, Dreams, Reflections). Tr. by Parvīn Farāmarzī. Mašhad: Mo’āvenat-e Farhangī-ye Āstān-e Qods-e Razavī.
Mīrsādeqī, Jamāl. (1997/1376SH). Anāsor-e dāstān. Tehrān: Soxan.
Molavī, Jalāl al-dīn Mohammad.(1996/1375SH). Masnavī-ye ma’navī. With the Effort of Abdolkarīm Sorūš. Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī.
Mosafā, Mohammad Jafar. (1999/1378SH). “Šarhī bar qesse-ye daqūqī va kerāmātaš”. Abrār Newspaper. 5th Xordād.
Nabokov, Vladimir. (1989/1368SH). “Yā qesse begū yā bemīr”. Tr. by Mahvaš Qavīmī. Našrīye-ye Ādīne. No. 38.
Norūzpūr, Leilā & Homāyūn Jamšīdiyān. (2008/1387SH). “Tahlīl-e dāstān-e daqūqī az masnavī”. Kāvoš-nāme. Year 9. No. 17.
Oxovat, Ahmad. (1992/1371SH). Dastūr-e zabān-e dāstān. First ed. Esfahān: Fardā.
Pūrnāmdāriyān, Taqī. (2001/1380SH). Dar sāye-ye āftāb. Tehrān: Samt.
Rahmānī, Homā & Abdollāh Rādmard. (2012/1391SH). “Bāznegarī-ye ma’nāyī dar eltefāt-e balāqī va aqsām va kārkard-hā-ye ān”. Jostār-hā-ye Adabī. No. 176.
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. (2003/1382SH). “Mo’alefe-hā-ye zamān dar revāyat”. Tr. by Abolfszl Horrī. Fasl-nāme-ye Honar. No. 53.
Stally Brass, Oliver & Alan Bullock. (1990/1369SH). Farhang-e andīše-ye no (The Fontana dictionary of modern thought). Tr. by Karīm Emāmī et al. With the Effort of Pāšāī. Tehrān: Māziyār.
Xānlarī, Parvīz. )1994/1373SH). Dastūr-e tārīxī-ye zabān-e fārsī. With the Effort of Effat Mostašārniyā. Tehrān: Tūs.
Zarrīnkūb, Abdolhossein. (1987/1366SH). Bahr dar kūze. First ed. Tehrān: Elmī.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (1993/1372SH). Serr-e ney. 4th ed. Tehrān: Elmī.