Smart Control of Photovoltaic Static Compensator System Based on Fuzzy Logic Control to Improve Voltage Stability

Subject Areas : Renewable energy

Ali Dalirian ¹ , Alireza Solat ² , Seyed Mohammad Javad Rastegar Fatemi ³

1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.

Received: 2023-01-22 Accepted : 2023-04-22 Published : 2025-02-19

Keywords: Photovoltaic system, Voltage stability, smart control, static compensator mode,

Abstract :

This paper proposes a new fuzzy control for photovoltaic static compensator (PV-STATCOM) system in order to improve voltage stability. The task of proposed system is the dynamic voltage control of a solar PV system connected to load bus in different operating modes as STATCOM and/or PV active power generation. In this strategy, in case of perturbation, the proposed fuzzy controller by detecting it and considering the severity of disturbance, when there is no or insufficient remaining capacity of the inverter to compensate the reactive power, stops the active power production of the PV solar system, and then the entire capacity of the inverter is used as a STATCOM to regulate the voltage at the load bus. Then, after fixing the problem, the system returns to the active power generation mode as before. To evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy controller, different modes are simulated with EMTDC/PSCAD software to prove the ability of the controller to improve the stability of the power system. The results confirm that the PV-STATCOM with the proposed controller can improve the dynamic performance of the system.

References:

[1] M. Ocak, Z. Ocak, S. Bilgen, S. Keleş, K. Kaygusuz, “Energy utilization, environmental pollution and renewable energy sources in turkey”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 845–864, April 2004 (doi: 10.1016/S0196-8904 (03) 00192-4).

[2] M.A.H. Rafi, T. Vo, P.H. Nguyen, “Effective integration of large‐scale wind power using PV‐STATCOM”, The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2019, no. 18, pp. 5303–5307, July 2019 (doi: 10.1049/joe.2018.9232).

[3] C. Magazzino, P. Toma, G. Fusco, D. Valente, I. Petrosillo, “Renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth: the greener the richer”, Ecological Indicators, vol. 139, Article Number: 108912, June 2022 (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108912).

[4] R.K. Varma, M. Akbari, “Simultaneous fast frequency control and power oscillation damping by utilizing pv solar system as pv-statcom”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 415–425, Jan. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2019.2892943).

[5] R.K. Varma, S. Mohan, “Mitigation of fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) by PV-STATCOM”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1666-1666, March 2022 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.20­22.­314­80­29).

[6] H. Karbouj, Z.H. Rather, B.C. Pal, “Adaptive voltage control for large scale solar PV power plant considering real life factors”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 990-998, April 2021 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2020.3029102).

[7] R.K. Varma, E.M. Siavashi, “PV-STATCOM: A new smart inverter for voltage control in distribution systems”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1681–1691, Oct. 2018 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.20­18.28­08601).

[8] S. Dhanapal, R. Anita, “Voltage and frequency control of stand alone self-excited induction generator using photovoltaic system based STATCOM”, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1–24, Nov. 2015 (doi: 10.1142/S0218126616500316).

[9] Y. Du, Y. Men, L. Ding, X. Lu, “Large-signal stability analysis for inverter-based dynamic microgrids reconfiguration”, IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 836-852, March 2023 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.20­21.­3123937).

[10] J. Park, J. Yu, J. Kim, M. Kim, K. Kim, S. Han, “Frequency/voltage regulation with STATCOM with battery in high voltage transmission system”, International Federation of Automatic Control, vol. 49, no. 27, pp. 296–300, Nov. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.707).

[11] M.Y. Suliman, “Voltage profile enhancement in distribution network using static synchronous compensator STATCOM”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 3367–3374, Aug. 2020 (doi: 10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3367-3374).

[12] A.J. Ali, M.Y. Suliman, L.A. Khalaf, N.S. Sultan, “Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based on STATCOM for wind power application”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 5570–5578, Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5570-5578).

[13] W. Rohouma, R.S. Balog, M.M. Begovic, A.A. Peerzada, “Capacitor-less D-STATCOM for voltage profile improvement in a smartgrid distribution network with high pv penetration”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICSG, vol. 3, pp. 155–159, Istanbul, Turkey, May 2022 (doi: 10.1109/icSmartGrid55722.2022.9848771).

[14] C.A. Cañizares, M. Pozzi, S. Corsi, E. Uzunovic, “STATCOM modeling for voltage and angle stability studies”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 431–441, July 2003 (doi: 10.1016/S0142-0615 (02)00125-4).

[15] A. Moeini, I. Kamwa, “analytical concepts for reactive power based primary frequency control in power systems”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 4217–4230, Nov. 2016 (doi: 10.1109/TPW­RS.201­5.2511153).

[16] R.K. Varma, V. Khadkikar, R. Seethapathy, “Nighttime application of PV solar farm as STATCOM to regulate grid voltage”, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 983–985, Dec. 2009 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2009.2031814).

[17] R.K. Varma, S. Mohan, J. McMichael-Dennis, “Multimode control of PV-STATCOM for stabilization of remote critical induction motor”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1872-1881, Nov. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.3013975).

[18] R.K. Varma, E.M. Siavashi, “Enhancement of solar farm connectivity with smart PV inverter PV-STATCOM”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1161–1171, July 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TS­TE.2­018.2862405).

[19] R.K. Varma, H. Maleki, “PV solar system control as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) for power oscillation damping”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1793–1803, Oct. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/T­STE.­20­18.2871074).

[20] R.K. Varma, R. Salehi, “SSR mitigation with a new control of PV solar farm as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM)”, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1473–1483, Oct. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TST­E.20­17.2691279).

[21] R.K. Varma, E.M. Siavashi, S. Mohan, T. Vanderheide, “First in canada, night and day field demonstration of a new photovoltaic solar-based flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) Device PV-STATCOM for stabilizing critical induction motor”, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 149479–149492, Aug. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/A­CC­E­SS.2019.2935161).

[22] N. Goel, S. Chacko, R.N. Patel, “PI controller tuning based on stochastic optimization technique for perfor­mance enhancement of DTC induction motor drives”, Journal of the Institution of Engineers, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 699–706, Oct. 2020 (doi: 10.1007/s40031-020-00496-z).

[23] M.I. Mosaad, H.S.M. Ramadan, M. Aljohani, M.F. El-Naggar, S.S.M. Ghoneim, “Near-optimal PI controllers of STATCOM for efficient hybrid renewable power system”, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 34119-34130, Feb. 2021 (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058081).

[24] S.R.K. Varma, S.A. Rahman, T. Vanderheide, “New control of PV solar farm as STATCOM (PV-STAT­CO­M) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 755–763, April 2015 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2375216).

[25] R.K. Varma, S.A. Rahman, V. Atodaria, S. Mohan, T. Vanderheide, “Technique for fast detection of short circuit current in pv distributed generator”, IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 155-165, Dec. 2016 (doi: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2592465).

[26] R. Kumar, R. Diwania, S. Khetrapal, “Performance assessment of the two metaheuristic techniques and their Hybrid for power system stability enhancement with PV-STATCOM”, Neural Computing and Applic­ations, vol. 34, pp. 3723–3744, March 2022 (doi: 10.1007/s00521-021-06637-9).

[27] A. Teke, M. E. Meral, L. Saribulut, M. Tümay, “Implementation of fuzzy logic controller using FORTRAN language in PSCAD/EMTDC”, International Journal of  Electrical Engineering and Education, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 372–390, Oct. 2012 (doi: 10.7227/IJEEE.48.4.3).

[28] A. Solat, A.M. Ranjbar, B. Mozafari, “A comparative study on fuzzy damping controller for DFIG wind farms to improve power system oscillations”, Journal of Intelligent and  Fuzzy Systems, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 4965–4978, Jan. 2019 (doi: 10.3233/JIFS-181524).

[29] S. Souri, H. Mohammadnezhad-Shourkaei, S. Soleymani, B. Mozafari, “Reactive power management in low voltage distribution networks using capability and oversizing of PV smart inverters”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 14, no. 56, pp. 21-42, March 2024 (in Persian) (dor: 20.1001.1.2­3223­871.1402.14.56.2.2).

[30] M. Abbasi, M. Nafar, M. Simab, “Management and control of microgrids connected to three-phase network with the approach of activating current limitation under unbalanced errors using fuzzy intelligent method with the presence of battery, wind, photovoltaic and diesel sources”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 13, no. 49, pp. 55-66, June 2022 (in Persian) (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1401.13.49.4.3).

[31] F. Haghighatdar-Fesharaki, A. Haghshenas, “STATCOM controller design with using of improved robust backstepping algorithm based on PSO to reduce large signal disturbances in power systems”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 10, no. 37, pp. 3-12, May 2019 (in Persian) (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1398.10.37.1.5).

[32] C.Y. Tang, J.H. Jheng, “An active power ripple mitigation strategy for three-phase grid-tied inverters under unbalanced grid voltages”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 27-33, Jan. 2023 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3198410).