Distributed Generations Management to Restore Protective Coordination Using Multi-Agent Systems

Subject Areas : Control and protection of microgrid

Saeed  Soltaniyan ¹ (Department of Electrical Engineering- Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
Bahador  Fani ² (Smart Microgrid Research Center- Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)

Received: 2022-12-06 Accepted : 2023-03-11 Published : 2024-11-21

Keywords: Multi-agent systems, Distributed Generation resources, Protection coordination,

Abstract :

Utilizing the structure of multi-agent systems is one of the methods proposed today to improve the performance of network protection systems. Given that the presence of distributed generation resources as well as network restructuring has always been a concern for network managers, so it is expected that with the introduction of smart equipment and capabilities that provide network managers, better performance and maintenance They help. Intelligent devices are able to exchange information by communicating on a telecommunications platform. The purpose of this paper is to coordinate the protection relays in the presence of distributed generation sources by removing the connection between the relay agents and the information collected from the entire network by the central controller. The proposed method, in addition to improving the speed of the traditional multi agent system protection system, increases the security of the protection system and eliminates the need for information from one agent of one section to the agents of another sections.

References:

[1] M. Saeedirad, E. Rokrok, M. Joorabian, "Technical and economic management of energy distribu­tion to reduce charging costs and reduction", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 14, no. 54, pp. 59-74, Sept. 2023 (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1402.14.54.4.0).

[2] B. Fani, H. Bisheh, A. Karami-Horestani, "An offline penetration-free protection scheme for PV-dominated distribution systems", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 157, pp. 1-9, April 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.e­psr.2­017.11.020).

[3] S. Zanjani, Z. Azimi, M. Azimi, “Assesment and analyze hybride control system in distribution static synchro­nous compensator based current source converter”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 59-67, Dec. 2011 (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1390.2.7.7.5).

[4] G. Shahgholian, "A brief overview of microgrid performance improvements using distributed FACTS devices", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 43-58, Jan. 2023 (doi: 10.30501/jree.20­22­.­32­1435.1305).

[5] I. Khonakdar-Tarsi, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, H. Mohammadnezhad-Shurkaei, M. Ehsan, "Optimal maintenance algorithm for distribution network in presence of incentive regulation", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 13, no. 52, pp. 1-18, March 2023 (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1401.13.52.1.6).

[6] S.A. Hashemi-Zadeh1, O. Zeidabadi-Nejad, S. Hasani, A.A. Gharaveisi, G. Shahgholian, "Optimal DG placement for power loss reduction and improvement voltage profile using smart methods", International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 141-147, Sept. 2012 (dor: 20.1001.1.22519­246.201­2.01.03.1.1).

[7] Y. Xu, C. Singh, "Adequacy and economy analysis of distribution systems integrated with electric energy storage and renewable energy resources", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2332-2341, Nov. 2012 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2186830).

[8] G. Shahgholian, "Power system stabilizer application for load frequency control in hydro-electric power plant", Engineering Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 21-30, Feb. 2017 (doi:10.11648/j.engmath.20170201.14)

[9] L. Tong, S. Zhao, H. Jiang, J. Zhou, B. Xu, "Multi-scenario and multi-objective collaborative optimization of distribution network considering electric vehicles and mobile energy storage systems", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 55690-55697, April 2021 (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3026204).

[10] M. Sadeghian, B. Fani, "Advanced localized reactive power sharing in microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 151, pp. 136-148, Oct. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.05.028).

[11] S. Bazeghi, S. Javadi, A. Hekmati, "Modeling and Improvement of Function of Solar Resources using Comparative Multipurpose Algorithm of PSO", International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 133-136, Sept. 2016 (dor: 20.1001.1.22519246.2016.05.03.2.0).

[12] E. Hosseini, E. Aghadavoodi, G. Shahgholian, H. Mahdavi-Nasab, "Intelligent pitch angle control based on gain-scheduled recurrent ANFIS", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 36-45, Feb. 2019 (doi: 10.30501/jree.2019.95920).

[13] G. Shahgholian, “Analysis and simulation of dynamic performance for DFIG-based wind farm connected to a distrubition system”, Energy Equipment and Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 117-130, June 2018 (doi: 10.22059/EES.2018. 315 31).

[14] [4]  H. Razmi, H. Doagou-Mojarrad, J. Olamaei, "Comparative study of optimization algorithms for sizing of wind turbine/ fuel cell/ electrolyzer/ hydrogen tank in the hybrid stand-alone power system", Signal Processing and Renewable Energy, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 81-94, Sept. 2020 (dor: 20.1001.1.25887327.2­020.4­.3.­6.2).

[15] E. Aghadavoodi, G. Shahgholian, "A new practical feed-forward cascade analyze for close loop identification of combustion control loop system through RANFIS and NARX", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 133, pp. 381-395, March 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.075).

[16] H. Bisheh, B. Fani, G. Shahgholian, "A novel adaptive protection coordination scheme for radial distribution networks in the presence of distributed generation", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 3, Article Nimber: e12779, Mar. 2021 (doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12779).

[17] K. Pereira, B.R. Pereira, J. Contreras, J.R.S. Mantovani, "A multiobjective optimization technique to develop protection systems of distribution networks with distributed generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 7064-7075, May 2018 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2842648).

[18] D. Ranamuka, A.P. Agalgaonkar, K.M. Muttaqi, "Examining the interactions between DG units and voltage regulating devices for effective voltage control in distribution systems", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 1485-1496, Oct. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/IAS.2015.7356850).

[19] T. Saksornchai, B. Eua-arporn, "Determination of allowable capacity of distributed generation with protection coordination", Engineering Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 29-44, Nov. 2009 (doi: 10.4186/ej.20­09.­1­3­­.3.29).

[20] H. Xing, H. Fan, X. Sun, S. Hong, H. Cheng, "Optimal siting and sizing of distributed renewable energy in an active distribution network", CSEE Journal Power Energy Systeme, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 380–387, Sept. 2018 (doi: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2016.00480).

[21] U. Akram, M. Khalid, S. Shafiq, "Optimal sizing of a wind/solar/battery hybrid grid-connected microgrid system", IET Renewable Power Generition, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 72–80, Jan. 2018 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rp­g.20­17.0010).

[22] F. Abbasi, S.M. Hosseini, "Optimal DG allocation and sizing in presence of storage systems considering network configuration effects in distribution systems", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 617–624, Feb. 2016 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0367).

[23] D. Khatod, V. Pant, J. Sharma, "Evolutionary programming based optimal placement of renewable distributed generators", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 683–695, May 2013 (doi: 10.110­9/T­PWR­S.2012.2211044).

[24] H. Zhan, C. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Yang, X. Zhang, C. Wu, Y.Chen, "Relay protection coordination integrated optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation sources in distribution networks", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 55–65, April 2015 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2420667).

[25] D. Kumar, D. Srinivasan, T. Reindl, "A fast and scalable protection scheme for distributed network with distributed generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 67–75, Jan. 2016 (doi: 10.110­9/TPWRD.2015.2464107).

[26] K. Saleh, H.H. Zeineldin, A. Al-Hinai, E.F. El-Saadany, "Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a new time–current–voltage characteristic", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 537 – 544, Aug. 2015 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2341666).

[27] A. Tsimtsios, G.N. Korres, V.C. Nikolaidis, "A pilot-based distance protection scheme for meshed distribution systems with distributed generation", International Journal Elect Power Energy Systems, vol. 105, pp. 454–469, Aug. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2341666).

[28] K. El-Arroudi, G. Joós, "Performance of interconnection protection based on distance relaying for wind power distributed generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 620–629, April 2018 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2693292).

[29] L. Huchel, HH. Zeineldin, "Planning the coordination of directional overcurrent relays for distribution systems considering DG", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7m no. 3, pp. 1642–1649, April 2016 (doi: 10.11­09/TSG.2015.2420711).

[30] H. Jo, S.K. Joo, K. Lee, "Optimal placement of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) for protection of an electric power system with distributed generations (DGs)", IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, no. 3, Dec. 2013 (doi: 10.1109/TASC.2012.2232958).

[31] K. Wheeler, M. Elsamahy, S. Faried, "Use of superconducting fault current limiters for mitigation of distributed generation influences in radial distribution network fuse–recloser protection systems", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 1605-1612, May 2017 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1156).

[32] Y. Kim, H. Jo, S. Joo, "Analysis of impacts of superconducting fault Current limiter (SFCL) placement on distributed generation (DG) expansion", IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1–5, April 2016 (doi: 10.1109/TASC.2016.2550598).

[33] M. Ojaghi, Z. Sudi, J. Faiz, "Implementation of full adaptive technique to optimal coordination of overcu­rrent relays", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 235-244, Jan. 2013 (doi: 10.1109/TPW­RD.2­012.2­221483).

[34] P. Shah, B.R. Bhalja, "New adaptive digital relaying scheme to tackle recloser–fuse miscoordination during distributed generation interconnections", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 682-688, April 2014 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0222).

[35] E. Piesciorovsky, N.N. Schulz, "Fuse-relay adaptive overcurrent protection scheme for microgrid with distributed generators", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 540-549, Jan. 2017 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1144).

[36] V. Papaspiliotopoulos, G.N. Korres, V.A. Kleftakis, N.D. Hatziargyriou, "Hardware-in-the-loop design and optimal setting of adaptive protection schemes for distribution systems with distributed generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 393–400, Feb. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2509784).

[37] T. Ustun, C. Ozansoy, A. Zayegh, "Modeling of a centralized microgrid protection system and distributed energy resources according to IEC 61850-7-420", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1560–1567, Aug. 2012 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2185072).

[38] A. Zidan, E.F. El-Saadany, "A cooperative multiagent framework for self-healing mechanisms in distribution systems", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1525–1539, Sept. 2012 (doi: 10.1109/T­SG.20­12.2198247).

[39] Z. Liu, C. Su, HK. Høidalen, Z. Chen, "A multiagent system-based protection and control scheme for distribution system with distributed-generation integration", IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 536–545, Jan. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2585579).

[40] M. Cintuglu, T. Ma, O.A. Mohammed, "Protection of autonomous microgrids using agent-Based distributed communication", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 351–360, Jan. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/T­PW­R­D.2016.2551368).

[41] B. Fani, E. Abbaspour, A. Karami-Horestani, "A fault-clearing algorithm supporting the MAS-based protection schemes", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 103, pp. 257–266, Dec. 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.06.001).

[42] M. Ataei, "Multi-agent based protection scheme using current-only directional overcurrent relays for looped/meshed distribution systems", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1567–1581, April 2022 (doi: 10.1049/gtd2.12234).