High-Reliability Electric Power Generation System for Aircraft Based on Generators Smart Droop Control Method

Subject Areas : Renewable energy

Amir Khaledian ¹

1 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2021-08-30 Accepted : 2021-11-20 Published : 2021-12-22

Keywords: reliability, Microgrid, Aircraft Electrical System, Droop Control, Smart Power Sharing,

Abstract :

Advances in power electronic applications, high reliability power distribution systems and flight control propulsion technologies, have increased the utilization of electric power in modern aircrafts. This has led to the concept of more electric aircraft. In this paper, a new structure is proposed to generate the electric power in aircraft. The aircraft power generation and consumption system is modeled as a microgrid. The proposed more-reliable power generation system is based on induction generator, rectifier and voltage source inverter. Induction generator is coupled with turbojet motor. The smart active power sharing between generators is achieved by using improved droop control method. Optimal droop coefficients are assigned by combining mathematical approaches including descending gradient method and minimizing the mean squares of the frequency deviation. The aircraft electrical network is simulated with the proposed controller in MATLAB and its performance is analyzed. The simulation results show the proper power sharing between generators. The advantages of the proposed method over the conventional structure include the elimination of the mechanical constant speed drive which increase reliability and proper power sharing.

References:

[1] G. Canciello, A. Cavallo, A.L. Schiavo, A. Russo, "Multi-objective adaptive sliding manifold control for more electric aircraft", ISA Transactions, vol. 107, pp. 316-328, Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.20­20.0­7.0­3­2).

[2] Y. Wang, F. Xu, S. Mao, S. Yang, Y. Shen, "Adaptive online power management for more electric aircraft with hybrid energy storage systems", IEEE Trans. on Transportation Electrification, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1780-1790, Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TTE.2020.2988153).

[3] D. Dewar, A. Formentini, K. Li, P. Zanchetta, P. Wheeler, "Optimal and automated decentralised converter control design in more electrical aircraft power electronics embedded grids", IET Power Electronics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 690-705, Jan. 2021 (doi: 10.1049/pel2.12056).

[4] A. Eid, M. Abdel-Salam, H. El-Kishky, T. El-Mohandes, "Active power filters for harmonic cancellation in conventional and advanced aircraft electric power systems", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 80-88, April 2009 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.05.005).

[5] G. Gong, M.L. Heldwein, U. Drofenik, J. Minibock, K. Mino, J.W. Kolar, "Comparative evaluation of three-phase high-power-factor AC-DC converter concepts for application in future more electric aircraft", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 727-737, June 2005 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2005.84­39­57)

[6] Y. Jia, K. Rajashekara, "An induction generator-based ac/dc hybrid electric power generation system for more electric aircraft", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 2485-2494, May/June 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2650862).

[7] A. Khaledian, "Fuzzy logic based controller for optimization of voltage unbalance compensation in an autonomous electric microgrid", Annals of Optimization Theory and Practice, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 39-54, Summer 2021 (doi: 10.22121/AOTP.2021.286982.1068).

[8] M.A. Jirdehi, V.S. Tabar, S. Ghassemzadeh, S. Tohidi, "Different aspects of microgrid management: A comprehensive review", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 30, Article Number: 101457, Aug. 2020 (doi: 10.10­16/j.est.2020.101457).

[9] M. Alilou, S. Sadi, S. Zamanian, J. Gholami, S. Moshari, "Improving the efficiency of actual distribution system by allocating multi-DG and DSTATCOM", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 12, no. 45, pp. 1-15, June 2021 (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1400.12.1.1.7) (in Persian).

[10] Y. Zhang, Y. Yu, R. Su, J. Chen, "Power scheduling in more electric aircraft based on an optimal adaptive control strategy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 10911-10921, Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2960718).

[11] K. Rouzbehi, A. Miranian, J.M. Escaño, E. Rakhshani, N. Shariati, E. Pouresmaeil, "A data-driven based voltage control strategy for DC-DC converters: Application to DC microgrid", Electronics, vol. 8, no. 5, Article Number: 493, 2019 (doi: 10.3390/electronics8050493).

[12] M. Zarif, A. Miranian, "Model predictive control of multi-terminal DC grids with offshore wind farms", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICRERA, pp. 717-721, Milwaukee, WI, USA, Oct. 2014 (doi: 10.1109/ICRE­RA.2­0­14.7016479).

[13] L. Rubino, G. Rubino, P. Conti, "Design of a power system supervisory control with linear optimization for electrical load management in an aircraft on-board dc microgrid", Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 15, Article Number: 8580, July 2021 (doi: 10.3390/su13158580).

[14] B.K. Unnikrishnan, M.S. Johnson, E.P. Cheriyan, "Small signal stability improvement of a microgrid by the optimised dynamic droop control method", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 822-833, April 2020 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0428).

[15] P.H. Divshali, A. Alimardani, S.H. Hosseinian, M. Abedi, "Decentralized cooperative control strategy of microsources for stabilizing autonomous VSC-based microgrids", IEEE Trans. on power systems, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1949-1959, Nov. 2012 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2188914).

[16] P. Karlsson, J. Björnstedt, M. Ström, "Stability of voltage and frequency control in distributed generation based on parallel-connected converters feeding constant power loads", EPE Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 38-46, 2007 (doi: 10.1080/09398368.2007.11463658).

[17] P. Hasanpor Divshali, S.H. Hosseinian, M. Abedi, A. Alimardani, "Small-signal stability and load-sharing improvement of autonomous microgrids using auxiliary loop", Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 648-671, Mar. 2012 (doi: 10.1080/15325008.2011.653857).

[18] D.A. Gadanayak, "Protection algorithms of microgrids with inverter interfaced distributed generation units-A review", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 192, Article Number: 106986, March 2021 (doi: 10.101­6/j.e­psr.2020.106986).

[19] H. Radmanesh, H. Jashnani, A. Khaledian, H. Sobhani, "Optimal and stable electric power system for more electric aircraft: Parallel operation of generators and weight reduction", Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 23-31, Spring 2021 (doi: 10.22109/JEMT.2020.213436.1219).

[20] A. Khaledian, M. Aliakbar Golkar, "A new power sharing control method for an autonomous microgrid with regard to the system stability", Automatika, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 87-93, July 2018 (doi: 10.1080/0005114­4.20­18.­1501462).

[21] M.F. Shaaban, A. Saber, M. Ammar, H. Zeineldin, "A multi-objective planning approach for optimal DG allocation for droop based microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 200, Article Numbser: 107474, Nov. 2021 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107474).

[22] M.M.A. Abdelaziz, H.E. Farag, E.F. El-Saadany, "Optimum droop parameter settings of islanded microgrids with renewable energy resources", IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 434-445, April 2014 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2013.2293201).

[23] A. Elrayyah, Y. Sozer, M.E. Elbuluk, "A novel load-flow analysis for stable and optimized microgrid operation", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1709-1717, Aug. 2014 (doi: 10.1109/TPW­RD.2­01­4.2307279).

[24] V.B. Foroutan, M.H. Moradi, M. Abedini, "Optimal operation of autonomous microgrid including wind turbines", Renewable Energy, vol. 99, pp. 315-324, Dec. 2016. (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.008).

[25] M.M. Abdelaziz, E. El-Saadany, "Maximum loadability consideration in droop-controlled islanded micr­ogrids optimal power flow", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 106, pp. 168-179, Jan. 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2013.08.020).

[26] M.M. Abdelaziz, E. El-Saadany, "Economic droop parameter selection for autonomous microgrids including wind turbines", Renewable Energy, vol. 82, pp. 108-113, Oct. 2015 (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05708-8_31).

[27] M.M.A. Abdelaziz, H.E. Farag, E.F. El-Saadany, "Optimum reconfiguration of droop-controlled islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 2144-2153, May 2016 (doi: 10.1109/­TPWR­S.2­015.2456154).

[28] A. Eid, H. El-Kishky, M. Abdel-Salam, T. El-Mohandes, "Constant frequency aircraft electric power systems with harmonic reduction", Proceeding of the IEEE/IECON, pp. 623-628, Orlando, FL, USA, Nov. 2008 (doi: 10.1109/IECON.2008.4758026).

[29] I. Moir, A. Seabridge, "Aircraft systems: Mechanical, electrical and avionics subsystems integration", John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

[30] I. Moir, A. Seabridge, "Design and development of aircraft systems", John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[31] N. Taheri, H. Orojlo, F. Ebrahimi, "Damping controller design in offshore wind power plants to improve power system stability using fractional order PID controllers based on optimized exchange market algorithm", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 13, no. 51, pp. 91-110, Dec. 2022 (dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1401.13.51.6.9) (in Persian).

[32] B. Alghamdi, C.A. Cañizares, "Frequency regulation in isolated microgrids through optimal droop gain and voltage control", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 988-998, 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.20­20.3­028­472).