A New Inrush Current Detection Method Based on Current Lissajous Figure

Subject Areas : Renewable energy

Behrooz Taheri ¹ , Seyed Amir Hosseini ² , Hossein Askarian Abyaneh ³ , Farzad Razavi ⁴

1 - Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 - Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Received: 2019-10-23 Accepted : 2020-01-27 Published : 2020-01-21

Keywords: Sympathetic Inrush current, Differential relay, Power system protection, Current lissajous,

Abstract :

The sympathetic Inrush current that occurs in series and parallel transformers can cause the creation of two major problems in the protection of power transformers. The main problem is that the peak of the inrush current for this case is more severe rather than common inrush current that the protection system may mal-operate. Besides, when a common protection system is designed for parallel transformers, the line input current, the vector summation of the input currents, will be detected as a single-phase fault that can cause the incorrect operation of the protection system. For this purpose, this paper presents a novel approach based on Lissajous of current signal for detection of inrush current phenomenon. The proposed method detects the faults very quickly; as well as, this method has appropriate operation under noisy conditions, like white Gaussian noise. This method is evaluated using a network consist of 230 to 63 kV parallel transformers with vector group ynd11. The results show that the proposed method performs better than conventional industrial schemes, such as second harmonic, zero-crossing, and waveform analysis method.

References:

[1] M. H. Sadeghi, Y. Damchi, H. Shirani, "Improvement of operation of power transformer protection system during sympathetic inrush current phenomena using fault current limiter", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 12, No. 22, pp. 5968-5974, Nov. 2018 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5697).

[2] G. Ziegler, Numerical differential protection: principles and applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[3] H. C. Seo, C. H. Kim, S. B. Rhee, J. C. Kim, O. B. Hyun, "Superconducting fault current limiter application for reduction of the transformer inrush current: A decision scheme of the optimal insertion resistance", IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 2255-2264, Aug. 2010 (doi: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2048214).

[4] H. Shimizu, K. Mutsuura, Y. Yokomizu, T. Matsumura, "Inrush-current-limiting with high T/sub c/ Supercon­duct­o­r", IEEE Trans.on applied superconductivity, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 2071-2073, June 2005 (doi: 10.1109/TASC.2005. 849454).

[5] A. Adly, "Computation of inrush current forces on transformer windings", IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 2855-2857, July 2001 (doi: 10.1109/20.951327).

[6] S. Hong-ming, Z. Tao, H. Shao-feng, L. Ou, "Study on a Mal-opertaion case of differential protection due to the interaction between magnetizing inrush and sympathetic inrush", Proceeding of the IEEE/PES, pp. 1-5, National Harbor, MD, USA, July 2014 (doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939046).

[7] J. Sykes, I. Morrison, "A proposed method of harmonic restraint differential protecting of transformers by digital computer", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-91, No. 3, pp. 1266-1272, May 1972 (doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1972.293485).

[8] A. Guzman, S. Zocholl, G. Benmouyal, H. J. Altuve, "A current-based solution for transformer differential protection. II. Relay description and evaluation", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 886-893, Oct. 2002 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2002.803736).

[9] A. Guzman, Z. Zocholl, G. Benmouyal, and H. J. Altuve, "A current-based solution for transformer differential protection. I. Problem statement", IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 485-491, Oct 2001. (doi: 10.1109/61.956726).

[10] K. Tian and P. Liu, "Improved operation of differential protection of power transformers for internal faults based on negative sequence power", Proceedings of the IEEE/EMPD, Vol. 2, pp. 422-425, Singapore, March 1998 (doi: 10.1109/EMPD.1998.702605).

[11] R. S. Girgis, "Characteristics of inrush current of present designs of power transformers", Proceeding of the IEEE/PES, pp. 1-6, Tampa, FL, USA,  June 2007 (doi: 10.1109/PES.2007.386291).

[12] Technical reference manual of RET 521 ⁄ 2.3 (Transformer protection terminal). ABB relay catalogue-1MRK 504 016-UEN. .

[13] Technical manual of P631, P632, P633, P634 (Transformer differential protection). AREVA relay catalogue-P63x/UK M/A54.

[14] H. Dashti, M. Davarpanah, M. Sanaye-Pasand, and H. Lesani, "Discriminating transformer large inrush currents from fault currents", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 75, pp. 74-82, Feb. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.08.025).

[15] D. Bi, S. Li, X. Wang, W. Wang, "A novel double-side average equivalent instantaneous inductance in nonsaturation zone based transformer protection", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICEMS, Wuhan, pp. 4364-4369, China, Oct 2008.

[16] H. Abniki, H. Monsef, P. Khajavi, H. Dashti, "A novel inductance-based technique for discrimination of internal faults from magnetizing inrush currents in power transformers", Proceeding of the IEEE/MEPS, pp. 1-6, Wroclaw, Poland, Sept 2010.

[17] M. Tripathy, "Power transformer differential protection using neural network principal component analysis and radial basis function neural network", Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 600-611, May 2010 (doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.01.003).

[18] G. Baoming, A. T. de Almeida, Z. Qionglin, W. Xiangheng, "An equivalent instantaneous inductance-based technique for discrimination between inrush current and internal faults in power transformers", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 2473-2482, Oct 2005 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.855443).

[19] D. Patel, N. Chothani, and K. Mistry, "Discrimination of inrush, internal, and external fault in power transformer using phasor angle comparison and biased differential principle", Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 788-801, Oct  2018 (doi: 10.1080/15325008.2018.1509915).

[20] B. Taheri, A. Bazhdar, S. Salehimehr, M. Faghihlou, and F. Razavi, "A new inrush current detection method for transformer differential protection using instantaneous frequency", Proceeding of the International Conference on Engineering and Technology, 2019.

[21] J. Pihler, B. Grcar, D. Dolinar, "Improved operation of power transformer protection using artificial neural network", IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1128-1136, Jul 1997 (doi: 10.1109/61.636919).

[22] A. Wiszniewski and B. Kasztenny, "A multi-criteria differential transformer relay based on fuzzy logic", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1786-1792, Oct 1995 (doi: 10.1109/61.473379).

[23] D. Bejmert, W. Rebizant, and L. Schiel, "Transformer differential protection with fuzzy logic based inrush stabilization", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 63, pp. 51-63, December 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.05.056).

[24] I. S. Rad, M. Alinezhad, S. E. Naghibi, and M. A. Kamarposhti, "Detection of internal fault in differential transformer protection based on fuzzy method", International Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 26, pp. 6150-6158, Oct 2011 (doi: 10.5897/IJPS11.478).

[25] M.-C. Shin, C.-W. Park, and J.-H. Kim, "Fuzzy logic-based relaying for large power transformer protection", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 718-724, July 2003 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.813598).

[26] F. Zhalefar and M. Sanaye-Pasand, "A new fuzzy-logic-based extended blocking scheme for differential protection of power transformers", Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 675-694, Apr 2010 (doi: 10.1080/15325000903489678).

[27] D. Barbosa, U. C. Netto, D. V. Coury, M. Oleskovicz, "Power transformer differential protection based on Clarke's transform and fuzzy systems", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 1212-1220, January 2011 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2097281).

[28] P. R. Gondane, R. M. Sheikh, K. A. Chawre, V. V. Wasnik, A. Badar, and M. Hasan, "Inrush current detection using wavelet transform and artificial neural network", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCMC, Erode, pp. 866-868, India, Feb 2018 (doi: 10.1109/ICCMC.2018.8487832).

[29] M. Geethanjali, S. M. R. Slochanal, R. Bhavani, "PSO trained ANN-based differential protection scheme for power transformers", Neurocomputing, Vol. 71, No. 4-6, pp. 904-918, January 2008 (doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2007.02.014).

[30] Siemens",SIPROTEC 5 transformer differential protection", 7UT82, 7UT85, 7UT86, 7UT87, V7.30 and higher.

[31] B. Patel, P. Bera, "Detection of power swing and fault during power swing using Lissajous figure", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 3019-3027, Dec. 2018 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2850958).

[32] Q.-Q. Xu, J. Suonan, Y.-Z. Ge, "Real-time measurement of mean frequency in two-machine system during power swings", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 1018-1023, July 2004 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003. 823208).

[33] B Taheri, SA Hosseini, F Razavi, "Detection of power oscillation and simultaneous faults using Clark transform", Iranian Electric Industry Journal of Quality and Productivity, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 82-92, 2019.

 [34] B. Taheri, S. A. Hosseini, S. Salehimehr, "An energy variation-based method for discrimination between the internal fault and inrush current in power transformers", 14^th International Conference on Protection and Automation of Power System (IPAPS), Jan. 2020.

[35] A Jalilvand, B Faraedi, "Discrimination between internal fault and inrush currents in transformers by using chaotic method", Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 53-61, 2017.