Effectiveness of Reality Therapy on the Treatment of Social Anxiety and Test Anxiety in High School's Students
Subject Areas : Educational PsychologyMehri Fayedi 1 , Gholamreza Golmohammad Nazhad Bahrami 2
1 - M.A. in Educational psychology, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Educational Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: test anxiety, reality therapy, Social anxiety,
Abstract :
The purpose of the current study is considering the effectiveness of reality therapy in the treatment of social anxiety and test anxiety in high school's students. The study was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest –posttest with control group. The population of this study was 3856 high school's students of 2nd district of Tabriz. The sample included 40 students with symptoms of social anxiety and test anxiety which were selected by purposive method and then randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. To collect data, Spielberger's Test Anxiety (1980) and Conner's social anxiety Inventories (2000) were used. After that the 8 treatment sessions of the experimental group were finished, a test anxiety and social anxiety post-test was taken for both groups again. Also to follow-up after 45 days both of groups were tested. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance of repeated measures. The results indicated that reality therapy was effective in improvement of symptoms of social anxiety and also test anxiety. Followed results showed the stable effectiveness of real therapy on decreasing the social anxiety and test anxiety. It can be concluded that, by using reality therapy we can reduce high school's student social anxiety and also test anxiety
آقاخانی، نازیلا، خانجانی، زینب، محمود علیلو، مجید و حامدی، محمدحسین (1390). مقایسه میزان اثربخشی درمانهای گروهی در اختلال فوبی اجتماعی: سه روش رواندرمانی رفتاری، شناختی و رفتاری/شناختی. ماهنامه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه، 4(22)، 289-282.
اسدی خلیلی، مریم، عمادیان، سیده‌علیا و فخری، محمدکاظم (1399). مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیتدرمانی و درمان پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب اجتماعی و نگرش به زندگی در زنان سرپرست خانوار. روان پرستاری. ۸ (۴)، 23-10
اسمخانی اکبرینژاد، هادی و اعتمادی، احمد (1393) بررسی رابطه ابعاد شخصیت با انگیزش پیشرفت تحصیلی و بهزیستی ذهنی دانشجویان دختر. زن و مطالعات خانواده، 7(23)،58-45
امیرپور، مهناز و گریوانی، مریم (1393). تأثیر شبکه های اجتماعی بر سبک زندگی جوانان، دانش انتظامی خراسان شمالی، 3(1)،39-23.
بشارت، محمدعلی(1398). سنجش اثربخشی پارادوکسدرمانی بر اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی: مطالعه موردی، مجلۀ علوم روانشناختی، 18(76)، 395-383
حسنی، سمیه (1396) بررسی تأثیر روش واقعیتدرمانی بر افزایش شادکامی و سلامت روان. پایاننامه کارشناسی‌ارشد مشاوره، رشته روانشناسی،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه بهشتی تهران.
حسین‌پور، محمدرضا، سمیعی، لاله، شجاع نهند، حبیب، و فرج‌زاده، رامین (1401). اثربخشی گروهدرمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب امتحان و خودکارآمدی دانش‌آموزان پایه دوم متوسطه. پویش در آموزش علوم تربیتی و مشاوره، 8(16)، 240-256.
https://sid.ir/paper/1030106/fa
حسینی‌صدر، علیرضا، محمدنژاد دوین، عارفه، عبادی، متینه و بشرپور، سجاد (1401). اثربخشی نقاشیدرمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی بر اجتناب شناختی دانش‌آموزان دختر دارای اختلال اضطراب امتحان. مطالعات روانشناختی، 18(4)،96-85. doi: 10.22051/psy.2023.40961.2638
خالقی، نسرین، امیری، مهدی و طاهری، الهام (1395). اثربخشی واقعیتدرمانی گروهی بر اضطراب اجتماعی، سوگیری تعبیر و روابط بین فردی نوجوانان. مجله اصول بهداشت روانی، 19(2)، 77-83.
doi: 10.22038/jfmh.2017.8326
سلیمانی، سمیرا، بابا نژادی، مهران و غنمی، فائقه (1393). نقش خودآگاهی و تنظیم هیجان در کنترل اضطراب دانشجویان، فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمان درمانی، 20،65-51.
شاه‌محمدی، حسین (1392). مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیتدرمانی با آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی در بهبود اضطراب اجتماعی نوجوانان پسر. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز.
صاحبی، علی (1390) واقعیتدرمانی: دعوت به مسئولیتپذیری، مجله رشد آموزش مشاور مدرسه، 26، 7-4.
صدری، الهه (1395). تأثیر شیوههای واقعیتدرمانی گروهی بر کاهش اضطراب امتحان دانش‌آموزان متوسطه. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، رشته روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خاتم تهران.
غلامعلی، عبدالله و اژهای، علی (1393). تأثیر آموزش به شیوه واقعیتدرمانی بر کاهش اضطراب اجتماعی دانشجویان. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، رشته روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن.
فارسی‌نژاد، معصومه، کرمی، ابوالفضل. و اسدزاده، حسن (1397). اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری بر ملال تحصیلی و اضطراب امتحان دانش‌آموزان دختر دبیرستانی. فصلنامه علمی آموزش و ارزشیابی، 11(44)، 119-143.
قاسمی، نظام‌الدین، کجباف، محمدباقر و ربیعی، مهدی (1390). اثربخشی گروهدرمانی مبتنی بر کیفیت زندگی بر بهزیستی ذهنی و سلامت روان، روان شناسی بالینی. 3(2)،34-23.
مالکی، حوری، جواهری محمدی، عباس و غلامعلی لواسانی، مسعود (1401). اثربخشی مشاوره گروهی با رویکرد شناختی-رفتاری بر خودانتقادی و سرمایه روانشناختی دانش‌آموزان با نشانگان اضطراب اجتماعی. مطالعات روانشناختی، 18(4)، 109-97
محمدی شاهراجی، فاطمه و حافظیان، مریم (1398). اثربخشی گشتالتدرمانی گروهی بر اضطراب اجتماعی و اضطراب امتحان دانشجویان دختر. رویش روان شناسی، ۸ (۵)،170-163
Aghakhani, N., Khanjani, Z., Aliloo, M. M., & Hamedi M. H. (2011). Copmaring effectiveness of group therapies on social phobia disorder: three treating styles of behavioral. Studies in Medical Sciences. 22(4), 282-289. [In Persian]
Amirpour, M., & Grivani, M. (2014). The Impact of Social Networks on Youth Lifestyle. Applied Research Bureau of the police force of northern khorasan, 1(3), 23-39. [In Persian]
Asadi Khalili, M., Emadian, S O., & Fakhri, M K. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety and attitude to the life in head of household women with. IJPN, 8 (4),10-23. [In Persian]
Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, IM. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical psychology review, 1(56), 1-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
Asmkhani Akbarinejad, H., & Etemadi, A. (2014) Investigating the relationship between personality dimensions and motivation for academic achievement and mental well-being of female students. Women and Family Studies, 7(23), 58-45. [In Persian]
Besharat, M. A. (2019). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Paradox Therapy on Social Anxiety Disorder: A Case Study, Journal of Psychological Sciences, 18 (76), 395-383. [In Persian]
Boeldt, D., McMahon, E., McFaul, M., & Greenleaf, W. (2019). Using virtual reality exposure therapy to enhance treatment of anxiety disorders: Identifying areas of clinical adoption and potential obstacles. Front. Psychiatry,10:773.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00773
Bruce, S. E., Yonkers, K. A., Otto, M. W., Eisen, J. L., Weisberg, R. B., Pagano, M., Shea, M. T., & Keller, M. B. (2015). Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on social phobia, and panic disorder: A 12-year prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 79-87.
Dusek, A. T., & clark, D. A., (2010). An information processing model of anxiety: automatic and strategic processes. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 49-59.
Ebnosharieh, J., & Aghili, SM. (2018) Effectiveness of group based reality therapy based on Glasser choice theory on the general health and obsessive beliefs of divorced women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 20(4),53-60.
Farsinejad, M., Karami, A., & Asadzadeh, H. (2019). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Academic Dysphoria and Test Anxiety in High School Girl Students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 11(44), 119-143. [In Persian]
Francleen, R. L., & Peterson, S. R. (2013). Self – esteem: paradox and innovations in clinical theory and practice. Washington: American psychology Association.
Furmark, T. (2012). Social phobia: Overview of community surveys. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, 84-93.
Ghasemi, N., Kajbaf, M., & Rabiei, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT) on Subjective WellâBeing (SWB) and Mental Health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(2), 23-34. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2017.2051. [In Persian]
Gholam Ali, A., & Ejei, A. (2014). The effect of reality therapy education on reducing students' social anxiety. Master Thesis, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch. [In Persian]
Glasser.W. (1998). Choice theory. New York. Harper Collins.
Hassani, S. (2017). The effect of reality therapy on increasing happiness and mental health. Master Thesis in Counseling, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Beheshti University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Havercamp, G. L., Torensma, B., Vergouwen, A. C., & Honig, A. (2015). Psychological distress in the hospital setting: A comparison between native Dutch and immigrant patients. PLoS One, 10(6), e0130961.
Herbert, D. James., Guadiano, A. Brandon., Rheingold, A. Alyssa., Moitra, E., & Myers, H. V. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety Disorders, 23(2), 167 – 177. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004
Hershenberg, R., Mavandadi, S., Wright, E., & Thase, M. E. (2017). Anhedonia in the daily lives of depressed Veterans: A pilot report on experiential avoidance as a moderator of emotional reactivity. Journal of affective disorders, 208, 414–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.011.
Hoseyni Sadr, A., Mohamadnezhad Devin, A., Ebadi, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Cognitive Avoidance of Female Students with Test Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Psychological Studies, 18(4), 85-96. doi: 10.22051/psy.2023.40961.2638. [In Persian]
Hosseinpour, M., samiei, L., shojaa nahand, H., & farajzadeh, R. (2022). The effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and self-efficacy of secondary school students. Journal of Pouyesh in Education and Consultation (JPEC), 8(16), 240-256. [In Persian]
Khaleghi, N., Amiri, M., & Taheri, E. (2017). Effectiveness of group reality therapy on symptoms of social anxiety, interpretation bias and interpersonal relationships in adolescents. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 19(2), 77-83. doi: 10.22038/jfmh.2017.8326. [In Persian]
Maleki, H., Javaheri Mohammadi, A., & Gholamali Lavasani, M. (2023). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Self-Critical and Psychological Capital of Students with Social Anxiety Syndrome. Journal of Psychological Studies, 18(4), 97-109. doi: 10.22051/psy.2023.41807.2696. [In Persian]
Mohammadi shahraji, F., & hafezian, M. (2019). The effectiveness of group gestalt therapy on social anxiety and test anxiety of female students. Rooyesh, 8(5), 163-170. doi:20.1001.1.2383353.1398.8.5.24.8. [In Persian]
Parsons, T., & Rizzo, A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39(3), 250-261
Price. M., Mehta. N., Tone. E., & Anderson, P. (2011). Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia. Journal of anxiety disorders, 25(6),763-770
Ringold, A. A., Herbert, J. D., & Franklin, M. E. (2014). Cognitive bias in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(6),639–655
Sadri, E. (2016). The effect of group reality therapy methods on reducing high school exam anxiety. Master Thesis, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Khatam University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Sahebi, A. (2011) Reality Therapy: Invitation to Responsibility, Journal of School Counselor Development, 26, 4-7. [In Persian]
Shah Mohammadi, H. (2013). Comparison of the effectiveness of reality therapy with social skills training in improving social anxiety in male adolescents. Master Thesis in Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. [In Persian]
Soleimani, S. (2014). The role of self-awarenessand emotion regulation in controlling student anxiety, Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 5(20), 51-65. [In Persian]
Von Dawans, B., Fischbacher, U., Kirschbaum, C., Fehr, E., & Heinrichs, M. (2012). The Social Dimension of Stress Reactivity: Acute Stress Increases Prosocial Behavior in Humans. Psychological Science, 23(6), 651–660.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611431576
_||_Aghakhani, N., Khanjani, Z., Aliloo, M. M., & Hamedi M. H. (2011). Copmaring effectiveness of group therapies on social phobia disorder: three treating styles of behavioral. Studies in Medical Sciences. 22(4), 282-289. [In Persian]
Amirpour, M., & Grivani, M. (2014). The Impact of Social Networks on Youth Lifestyle. Applied Research Bureau of the police force of northern khorasan, 1(3), 23-39. [In Persian]
Asadi Khalili, M., Emadian, S O., & Fakhri, M K. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety and attitude to the life in head of household women with. IJPN, 8 (4),10-23. [In Persian]
Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, IM. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical psychology review, 1(56), 1-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
Asmkhani Akbarinejad, H., & Etemadi, A. (2014) Investigating the relationship between personality dimensions and motivation for academic achievement and mental well-being of female students. Women and Family Studies, 7(23), 58-45. [In Persian]
Besharat, M. A. (2019). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Paradox Therapy on Social Anxiety Disorder: A Case Study, Journal of Psychological Sciences, 18 (76), 395-383. [In Persian]
Boeldt, D., McMahon, E., McFaul, M., & Greenleaf, W. (2019). Using virtual reality exposure therapy to enhance treatment of anxiety disorders: Identifying areas of clinical adoption and potential obstacles. Front. Psychiatry,10:773.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00773
Bruce, S. E., Yonkers, K. A., Otto, M. W., Eisen, J. L., Weisberg, R. B., Pagano, M., Shea, M. T., & Keller, M. B. (2015). Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on social phobia, and panic disorder: A 12-year prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 79-87.
Dusek, A. T., & clark, D. A., (2010). An information processing model of anxiety: automatic and strategic processes. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 49-59.
Ebnosharieh, J., & Aghili, SM. (2018) Effectiveness of group based reality therapy based on Glasser choice theory on the general health and obsessive beliefs of divorced women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 20(4),53-60.
Farsinejad, M., Karami, A., & Asadzadeh, H. (2019). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Academic Dysphoria and Test Anxiety in High School Girl Students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 11(44), 119-143. [In Persian]
Francleen, R. L., & Peterson, S. R. (2013). Self – esteem: paradox and innovations in clinical theory and practice. Washington: American psychology Association.
Furmark, T. (2012). Social phobia: Overview of community surveys. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, 84-93.
Ghasemi, N., Kajbaf, M., & Rabiei, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT) on Subjective WellâBeing (SWB) and Mental Health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(2), 23-34. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2017.2051. [In Persian]
Gholam Ali, A., & Ejei, A. (2014). The effect of reality therapy education on reducing students' social anxiety. Master Thesis, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch. [In Persian]
Glasser.W. (1998). Choice theory. New York. Harper Collins.
Hassani, S. (2017). The effect of reality therapy on increasing happiness and mental health. Master Thesis in Counseling, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Beheshti University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Havercamp, G. L., Torensma, B., Vergouwen, A. C., & Honig, A. (2015). Psychological distress in the hospital setting: A comparison between native Dutch and immigrant patients. PLoS One, 10(6), e0130961.
Herbert, D. James., Guadiano, A. Brandon., Rheingold, A. Alyssa., Moitra, E., & Myers, H. V. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety Disorders, 23(2), 167 – 177. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004
Hershenberg, R., Mavandadi, S., Wright, E., & Thase, M. E. (2017). Anhedonia in the daily lives of depressed Veterans: A pilot report on experiential avoidance as a moderator of emotional reactivity. Journal of affective disorders, 208, 414–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.011.
Hoseyni Sadr, A., Mohamadnezhad Devin, A., Ebadi, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Cognitive Avoidance of Female Students with Test Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Psychological Studies, 18(4), 85-96. doi: 10.22051/psy.2023.40961.2638. [In Persian]
Hosseinpour, M., samiei, L., shojaa nahand, H., & farajzadeh, R. (2022). The effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and self-efficacy of secondary school students. Journal of Pouyesh in Education and Consultation (JPEC), 8(16), 240-256. [In Persian]
Khaleghi, N., Amiri, M., & Taheri, E. (2017). Effectiveness of group reality therapy on symptoms of social anxiety, interpretation bias and interpersonal relationships in adolescents. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 19(2), 77-83. doi: 10.22038/jfmh.2017.8326. [In Persian]
Maleki, H., Javaheri Mohammadi, A., & Gholamali Lavasani, M. (2023). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Self-Critical and Psychological Capital of Students with Social Anxiety Syndrome. Journal of Psychological Studies, 18(4), 97-109. doi: 10.22051/psy.2023.41807.2696. [In Persian]
Mohammadi shahraji, F., & hafezian, M. (2019). The effectiveness of group gestalt therapy on social anxiety and test anxiety of female students. Rooyesh, 8(5), 163-170. doi:20.1001.1.2383353.1398.8.5.24.8. [In Persian]
Parsons, T., & Rizzo, A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39(3), 250-261
Price. M., Mehta. N., Tone. E., & Anderson, P. (2011). Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia. Journal of anxiety disorders, 25(6),763-770
Ringold, A. A., Herbert, J. D., & Franklin, M. E. (2014). Cognitive bias in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(6),639–655
Sadri, E. (2016). The effect of group reality therapy methods on reducing high school exam anxiety. Master Thesis, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Khatam University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Sahebi, A. (2011) Reality Therapy: Invitation to Responsibility, Journal of School Counselor Development, 26, 4-7. [In Persian]
Shah Mohammadi, H. (2013). Comparison of the effectiveness of reality therapy with social skills training in improving social anxiety in male adolescents. Master Thesis in Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. [In Persian]
Soleimani, S. (2014). The role of self-awarenessand emotion regulation in controlling student anxiety, Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 5(20), 51-65. [In Persian]
Von Dawans, B., Fischbacher, U., Kirschbaum, C., Fehr, E., & Heinrichs, M. (2012). The Social Dimension of Stress Reactivity: Acute Stress Increases Prosocial Behavior in Humans. Psychological Science, 23(6), 651–660.