Psychometric Properties of Parental Conditional Regard Scale in Students of Yazd City
Subject Areas : Educational Psychology
Khadije Abedini
1
,
siavash talepasand
2
,
Isaac rahimian boogar
3
1 - Ph. D. Student in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 - Corresponding author: Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Keywords: mother conditional regard, negative conditional regard, positive conditional regard,
Abstract :
Conditional parental regard is an important and effective strategy in raising children. In this strategy, parents depend their love and regard on their children's behavior in such a way that in positive conditional regard, parents appreciate the child's behavior too much and in conditional regard Negatively deprive their children of attention and love. The aim of this study was to validate the mother conditional regard scale in students of Yazd city. The study population was all middle school students in Yazd city in the academic year of 1398-99. Participants were 321 male and female students who were selected by cluster random sampling. They all completed the Mother Conditional regard Scale and the Parental Exclusion and Acceptance Scale. Validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation of the total score question were performed to examine the psychometric properties of the mother conditional regard scale. Findings showed that the conditional regard scale is saturated with four factors: conditional and positive academic regard, conditional and negative academic regard, conditional and positive emotional regard, and conditional and negative emotional regard. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were desirable for all subscales and the whole scale in both sexes and all participants in terms of psychometrics, and the range of most correlations of the material set was desirable. The results of factor analysis indicated good data-model fit. In addition, the pattern of correlation coefficients between the subscales and the simultaneous validity of the questionnaire with the Exclusion and Parental Acceptance Scale showed good validity of this scale. As a result, the Persian version of the Maternal Conditional regard Questionnaire in the student community has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research
بادان فیروز، علی، طباطبایی، سید موسی و ناجی، احمدعلی (2017). بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس کنترل روان‌شناختی وابسته‌مدار و پیشرفت‌مدار در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان، روان‌شناسی مدرسه، 6(3)، 7-22.
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Assor, A., Yaniv, K.-M., & Roth, G. (2014). Parental conditional regard: Psychological costs and antecedents. Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Springer, 215-37.
Assor, A., Guy, R., &. Deci, E. L. (2004). The emotional costs of parents' conditional regard: A Self‐Determination Theory analysis. Journal of personality, 72(1): 47-88..
Badanfyruz, A., Tabatabai, S, m., & Naji, A. A. (2017). Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Dependent and Progressive Oriented Psychological Control Scale in high school students. School Psychology, 6(3): 7-22 [In Persian].
Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents.
Barber, B. K., & Xia, M. (2013) The centrality of control to parenting and its effects.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child development, 67(6): 3296-3319.
Baumrind, D. (1987). A developmental perspective on adolescent risk taking in contemporary America. New directions for child and adolescent development, (37): 93-125
Breckler, S. J. (2000). Applications of covariance structure modeling in psychology: Cause for concern? Psychological Bulletin. 107(2): 260-73.
Deci, Edward L., &. Ryan, Richard M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4): 227-268.
Deci, Edward L., &. Ryan, Richard M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4),: 227-268.
Gray, M. R., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 574-587.
Hoffman, M. L. (1970). Moral development. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology. 2, 261–360. New York, NY: Wiley.
Jackson, D. L. (2003). Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: Some support for the N: q hypothesis. Structural equation modeling, 10(1): 128-141.
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Kamins, M. L., &. Dweck, C. S. (1999). Person versus process praise and criticism: Implications for contingent self-worth and coping. Developmental psychology. 35(3): 835.
Otterpohl, N., Keil, A. G., Assor, A., & Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. (2017). Erfassung von elterlicher bedingter Wertschätzung im Lern-und Leistungsbereich und im Bereich der Emotionsregulation. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie.
Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2011). Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(6): 854-862.
Roth, G., A., Avia., Niemiec, Christopher. P., Ryan, Richard . M., & Deci, Edvard. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: Comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental psychology, 45(4): 1119.
Shah, R., & Goldstein, S. M. (2006). Use of structural equation modeling in operations management research: Looking back and forward. Journal of Operations management. 24(2):148-69.
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider. E. A. (2014). Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.
Yazdkhasti, F., & Ghasemi, S. (2010). The relationship between parents' personality and their rejection and acceptance of children. Educational Psychology Studies, 7(12): 131-144 [In Persian].
_||_Aronfreed, Justin. (1968). Aversive control of socialization. In Nebraska symposium on motivation. University of Nebraska Press.
Assor, A., Yaniv, K.-M., & Roth, G. (2014). Parental conditional regard: Psychological costs and antecedents. Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Springer, 215-37.
Assor, A., Guy, R., &. Deci, E. L. (2004). The emotional costs of parents' conditional regard: A Self‐Determination Theory analysis. Journal of personality, 72(1): 47-88..
Badanfyruz, A., Tabatabai, S, m., & Naji, A. A. (2017). Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Dependent and Progressive Oriented Psychological Control Scale in high school students. School Psychology, 6(3): 7-22 [In Persian].
Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents.
Barber, B. K., & Xia, M. (2013) The centrality of control to parenting and its effects.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child development, 67(6): 3296-3319.
Baumrind, D. (1987). A developmental perspective on adolescent risk taking in contemporary America. New directions for child and adolescent development, (37): 93-125
Breckler, S. J. (2000). Applications of covariance structure modeling in psychology: Cause for concern? Psychological Bulletin. 107(2): 260-73.
Deci, Edward L., &. Ryan, Richard M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4): 227-268.
Deci, Edward L., &. Ryan, Richard M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4),: 227-268.
Gray, M. R., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 574-587.
Hoffman, M. L. (1970). Moral development. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology. 2, 261–360. New York, NY: Wiley.
Jackson, D. L. (2003). Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: Some support for the N: q hypothesis. Structural equation modeling, 10(1): 128-141.
Jöreskog, K. G., (2003). Sorbom. LISREL 8 : user's reference guide. In: Sörbom D, editor. 2nd ed. ed. Chicago, IL :: Scientific Software International.
Kamins, M. L., &. Dweck, C. S. (1999). Person versus process praise and criticism: Implications for contingent self-worth and coping. Developmental psychology. 35(3): 835.
Otterpohl, N., Keil, A. G., Assor, A., & Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. (2017). Erfassung von elterlicher bedingter Wertschätzung im Lern-und Leistungsbereich und im Bereich der Emotionsregulation. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie.
Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2011). Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(6): 854-862.
Roth, G., A., Avia., Niemiec, Christopher. P., Ryan, Richard . M., & Deci, Edvard. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: Comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental psychology, 45(4): 1119.
Shah, R., & Goldstein, S. M. (2006). Use of structural equation modeling in operations management research: Looking back and forward. Journal of Operations management. 24(2):148-69.
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider. E. A. (2014). Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.
Yazdkhasti, F., & Ghasemi, S. (2010). The relationship between parents' personality and their rejection and acceptance of children. Educational Psychology Studies, 7(12): 131-144 [In Persian].