Differentiating the Spiritual Pillar of Environmental Crimes in the Strategic Criminal System of Iran and the United States of America

Subject Areas : All jurisprudential issues

Hamed Reza Khatam Goya ¹ , Gholamreza Peyvandi ² , seyed hosein hashemi ³ , Mehdi Shaidaian ^{4 *}

1 - PhD student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Jurisprudence and Law Department, Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute, Qom, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran.
4 -

Received: 2022-06-07 Accepted : 2022-09-18 Published : 2022-09-20

Keywords: Spiritual pillar, environmental crimes, strategic system, criminal, criminal policy, Iran, United States of America,

Abstract :

The establishment of guilt involves the traditional and fundamental assumption that criminal behavior must be accompanied by malice; however, what links the discussions related to the moral element of environmental crimes to strategic discussions in criminal policy is that the adoption and judicial interpretation of environmental criminal laws in some criminal systems (the opposite of the Iranian criminal system) has to some extent eliminated the traditional requirements of the moral element of the crime; in fact, the assumption is that traditional criminal law definitions of the moral element necessary for establishing guilt in environmental laws have tended to erode to some extent. This result is due to legislation and judicial interpretations and is attributed to the increase in environmental awareness in society and the emphasis on criminalizing polluting behavior, which itself is due to the influence, mixing, and difficulty in coordinating the regulatory (environmental policies) and traditional criminal areas; this is, in the opinion of some policymakers; The hierarchy created in the components of the spiritual pillar is in line with penal considerations and precautionary approaches, and by increasing the likelihood of conviction, the regulated society that includes the aforementioned strategy will become more cautious; however, according to critics, the application of such a strategy may cause the erosion of the moral blameworthiness of the crime, the confusion of civil and criminal issues, the injustice and uselessness and disobedience of the regulated society, and the increase in the statistics of environmental crime rates, which will be analyzed and consequently reduce the effectiveness of environmental crime control.

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