The Relationship between Burnout and Job Stress Mediated by Emotional Reactions of Nurses in Social Security Hospitals in Tehran
Subject Areas : Health Management Servicesmarzieh nikdel 1 , Asal Seraji 2 , mouhamad sahebzamani 3
1 - Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 - PhD Student in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Management, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Emotional reactions, Occupational stress, Burnout, nurses,
Abstract :
Introduction: Job burnout as a major characteristic of job stress is a kind of delayed response to chronic workplace stressors and is one of the most important factors that may predict it. Methods: This is a descriptive survey based on purposeful data gathering method. The study population consisted of 194 nurses working in Tehran Social Security Hospitals. Available necessary information was collected using Steinmetz (1977), Goldard (1), and DASS-21 Emotional Response Questionnaires. Confirmed. Structural equation modeling and imaging software and LISREL were used for data analysis. Results: The results of the hypotheses test showed that job stress at the significant level of 0.01 and anxiety, stress and depression were positively correlated with the level of job burnout at the significant level of 0.05. Also, job stress has a positive effect on emotional response, so occupational stress indirectly influences emotional reaction on nurses' job depression. Conclusion: Recognizing stressful resources and coping strategies can help reduce, control and treat burnout in nurses.
1- Soleymannejad, H. Inter-relation between occupational stress and job satisfaction among the employees of organizations in Ilam, 2001”. Scientific Journal of Ilam Medical Universit, 2014; 12(44-45): 34-39. [In Persian]
2- Liimalainen M, MyiLibrary R. “Mental Health in the Workplace: Situation Analysis: Finland, International Labour Organization. Switzerland: International Labour Office Geneva; 2010: 93-113.
3- Hajiamini, Z, Zamani M, Fathi Ashtiani A, Ebadi A, Khamseh F, Ghoreyshi S.H. Demographic characteristic correlate to emotional reactions of soldiers. MilMed Journal, 2010; 11(1): 211-6. [In Persian]
4- McGrath A, Reid N. Occupational stress in nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2013; 26(4): 343-58.
5- Yang, M, Pan SM, Yang MJ. “Job strain and minor psychiatric morbidity among hospital nurses in southern Taiwan.” Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2014; 58(6): 636-41.
6- Bigdeli I. Karimzade S. The study of relationship between the tension-making factors and mental health of Semnan nurses. Koomesh, 2017; 8(2): 21-6. [In Persian]
7- Meshkani Z, Koohdani F. A study of anxiety among the nurses and its related factors. Daneshvar Medicin, 2014; 11(52): 47-52. [In Persian]
8- Hojati, H. Jalalmanesh SH, Fesharaki M. “Sleeplessness effect on the general health of hospitals nightshift nurses in Gorgan, Iran.” Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2019; 3(11): 70-5. [In Persian]
9- Embriaco N, Papazian L, Kentish- Barnes N, Pochard F, Azoulay E. Burnout syndrome among critical care healthcare workers. Current opinion in critical care, 2017; 13(5): 482-488.
10- Soleymani MA, Masoudi R, Sadeghi T, Ghorbani M, Hasanpour DA. [General health and its association with sleep quality in two groups of nurses with and without shift working in educational centers of Iran University Medical sciences (IUMS).” Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal, 2019; 3(10): 70-75. [In Persian]
11- Lai HL, Lin YP, Chang HK, Wang SC, Liu YL, Lee HC, et al. Intensive care unit staff nurses: predicting factors for career decisions. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2018; 17(14): 1886-96.
12- Bohloli N, Paziriye T. The Relationship Between Job Stress, Personality Traits and th Emotional Intelligence of Midwives Working in Health Centers of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2018; 11(4): 365–370. [In Persian]
13- Khaghanizadeh M, Siratinir M, Abdi F, Kaviani H. Assessing of mental health level of employed nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Sciences University. Journal of Mental Health Principles, 2017; 8(31-32): 141-148. [In Persian]
14- Kanai-Pak M, Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Poghosyan L.Poor work environments and nurse inexperienceare associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction,and quality deficits in Japanese hospitals .J ClinNurs, 2018; 17(24): 3324-9.
15- Talaei A, Mokhber N, Mohammadnezhad M, Samari AA. Burnout and its related factors instaffs of university hospitals in Mashhad in2006. Koomesh, 2018; 9(3): 237-45. [In Persian]
16- Abdi H, Shahbazi L. Correlation between occupationstress in nurse’s intensive care unit withjob burnout. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi Universityof Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2018; 9(3): 58-63. [In Persian]
17- Meshkani Z, Koohdani F. A study of anxiety among the nurses and its related factors. Daneshvar Medicin, 2014; 11(52): 47-52. [In Persian]
18- Sang Sook Han S, Soon Sohn I, Eun Kim N.New nurse turnover intention and influencing factors. Korean Acad Nurs, 2009; 39(6): 878-87.
19- Poghosyan L, Clarke SP, Finlayson M, AikenLH. Nurse burnout and quality of care: crossnationalinvestigation in six countries. Res NurseHealth, 2013; 33(4): 288-98.
20- Enjezab B, Farnia F. Occupational stress & psychological-behavioral responses. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of MedicalSciences and Health Services, 2017; 10(3): 32-8. [In Persian]
21- Falahi Khoshknab M, Karimlou M, Rahgoy A,Fatah Moghadam L. Quality of life and factorsrelated to it among psychiatric nurses in theuniversity teaching hospitals in Tehran. Hakim, 2017; 9(4): 24-30. [In Persian]
22- Molazem Z, Mohammad Hosseini S, Karimi Z, Zadehbagheri GH. A study on job stressmakin factors and their degrees of stressfulnessfrom the nurse’s viewpoint in the university hospitalsof Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad. Armaghan Danesh, 2015; 10(3): 95-103. [In Persian]
23- Hebrani P, Behdani F, Mobtaker M. Evaluationof stress factors in nurse’s different hospitalwards. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentalsof Mental Health, 2018; 10(3): 231-7. [In Persian]
24- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of medical sciences in 2001. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2017; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
25- Payami, M. Relationship between Burnout and Social Support in Critical Care Nurses. J Zanjan Med Sci, 2011; 33(1): 52-7. [In Persian]
26- Enjezab B, Farnia F. Occupational stress & psychological-behavioral responses. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of MedicalSciences and Health Services, 2012; 10(3): 32-8. [In Persian]
27- Mostaghani, S, Saroukhod, S. The Relationship between Personality Traits and Psychological Hardiness with Nurses' Job Stress in Shiraz Public Hospitals. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 2016; 13(50): 12-12. [In Persian]
28- Hashem zadeh I, Orangi M, Bahrehdar MJ, Occupational Stress and its Relationship with Mental Health in Shiraz Hospitals Staff. Thoughts and Behavior, 2000; 22(23): 55-62. [In Persian]
29- Montazeri A, Harirchi A, Shariati M, Garmaroudi G, Ebadi M, Fateh A. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2013; 1(1): 61-66. [In Persian]
30- Mousavi S S, Hosseini S H, Balal M, Esmaeili A, Hekmat M, Choobin M. Investigating rate of job burnout and its correlation with organizational punishments and encouragements in navy. J Mar Med, 2019; 1(1): 32-38. [In Persian]
31- Mousavi S S, Hosseini S H, Balal M, Esmaeili A, Hekmat M, Choobin M. Investigating rate of job burnout and its correlation with organizational punishments and encouragements in navy. J Mar Med, 2019; 1(1): 32-38. [In Persian]
32- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. [Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university ofmedical sciences in 2001]. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2007; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
33- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. [Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university ofmedical sciences in 2001]. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2007; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
34- Khakpour R, Birashk B. Epidemiology of gob Burnout syndrome among counselors and psychotherapists. IJPCP, 1999; 4 (3): 14-23. [In Persian]
35- Comparison of Mental Health and Emotional Response Level in Nurses of Sari Psychiatry and Burn Center with Other Educational Centers in Mazandaran Province, 2019; 10(1): 49-60. [In Persian]
36- Hajiamini Z, Ajali A, Fathi Ashtiani A, Ebadi A, Dibaei M, Delkhoush M. The effect of life skills on emotional reactions in adolescents, Journal of Behavioral Sciences (JBS), 2008; 2(3): 293-70. [In Persian]
37- Comparison of Mental Health and Emotional Response Level in Nurses of Sari Psychiatry and Burn Center with Other Educational Centers in Mazandaran Province, 2019; 10(1): 49-60. [In Persian]
38- Pournamdarian S, Bireshk B, Asgharnejad F, Ali A. Explaining the contribution of metacognitive beliefs in predicting symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in nurses. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 2016; 13(49): 86-94. [In Persian]
39- Naeinian M R, Adabdoost F, Khatibi S, Ghomian F. Use of Internet and its Relationship with Mental Health and Life Quality of High School Students. CPAP, 2017; 14(2): 103-113. [In Persian]
40- Homayounfar M, Zargar SM, Danaei A. The Mediating Effect of Self-Care Measures on the Relationship between Health literacy and Quality of life of Patients after Open Heart Surgery. Journal of Health Management, 2019; 10(3): 45-53. [In Persian]
41- Naeinian M R, Adabdoost F, Khatibi S, Ghomian F. Use of Internet and its Relationship with Mental Health and Life Quality of High School Students. CPAP, 2017; 14(2): 103-113. [In Persian]
42- Abbaszadeh, A, Abdi, A. The challenge of nurse scarcity; a serious threat to the health system: a review study. Journal of Community Health, 2016; 9(1): 37-47. [In Persian]
43- Gharakhani D, Zaferanchi A. The Effect of Job Burnout on Turnover Intention with Regard to the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction . j.health, 2019; 10(1): 109-117. [In Persian]
44- Zeighami Mohammadi Sh, Asgharzadeh Haghighi S. Relation between Job Stress and Burnout among Nursing Staff. Avicenna J Nurse Midwifery care, 2011; 19(2): 42-52. [In Persian]
45- Sardarzadeh F, Jian Bagheri M, malake F M. The role of resilience in reduction of job stress and job burnout among employees of satellite project of Iranian Offshore Oil Company. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016; 3(4): 61-77. [In Persian]
46- Halbesleben J R B and Buckley MR. Burnout in Organizational Life. Journal of Management, 2019; 30(6): 859-879.
47- Payami, M. Relationship between Burnout and Social Support in Critical Care Nurses. J Zanjan Med Sci, 2013; 33(1): 52-7. [In Persian]
48- Shakarmi M, Davarnia R, Zahrakar K. Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Students. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 1348; 21(3): 468-481. [In Persian]
49- Sotoudehnia Sh, Safarzadeh A, Navabi Rigi Sh, ANsarimoghadam A. Evaluation of obesity outline in quality of life in pregnat women in zahedan 2010, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 2011; 117(11): 1316-26. [In Persian]
50- Hassanzadeh R. "Job stress". Publications: Tehran Cultural Research Center; 1979: 21-26. [In Persian]
51- Sohn BK, Park SM, Park IJ, et al. The Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Stress among Hospital Workers. J Korean Med Sci, 2018; 33(39): 246.
52- Jaracz M, Rosiak I, Bertrand-Bucińska A, Jaskulski M, Nieżurawska J and Borkowska A. Affective temperament, job stress and professional burnout in nurses and civil servants. PLOS ONE, 2017; 12(6): 6-8.
53- Szczygiel D, Mikolajczak M. Emotional Intelligence Buffers the Effects of Negative Emotions on Job Burnout in Nursing. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018; 9(1): 5-6.
54- Park H, Oh H, Boo S. The Role of Occupational Stress in the Association between Emotional Labor and Mental Health: A Moderated Mediation Model. Sustainability, 2019; 11(7): 9-11.
_||_1- Soleymannejad, H. Inter-relation between occupational stress and job satisfaction among the employees of organizations in Ilam, 2001”. Scientific Journal of Ilam Medical Universit, 2014; 12(44-45): 34-39. [In Persian]
2- Liimalainen M, MyiLibrary R. “Mental Health in the Workplace: Situation Analysis: Finland, International Labour Organization. Switzerland: International Labour Office Geneva; 2010: 93-113.
3- Hajiamini, Z, Zamani M, Fathi Ashtiani A, Ebadi A, Khamseh F, Ghoreyshi S.H. Demographic characteristic correlate to emotional reactions of soldiers. MilMed Journal, 2010; 11(1): 211-6. [In Persian]
4- McGrath A, Reid N. Occupational stress in nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2013; 26(4): 343-58.
5- Yang, M, Pan SM, Yang MJ. “Job strain and minor psychiatric morbidity among hospital nurses in southern Taiwan.” Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2014; 58(6): 636-41.
6- Bigdeli I. Karimzade S. The study of relationship between the tension-making factors and mental health of Semnan nurses. Koomesh, 2017; 8(2): 21-6. [In Persian]
7- Meshkani Z, Koohdani F. A study of anxiety among the nurses and its related factors. Daneshvar Medicin, 2014; 11(52): 47-52. [In Persian]
8- Hojati, H. Jalalmanesh SH, Fesharaki M. “Sleeplessness effect on the general health of hospitals nightshift nurses in Gorgan, Iran.” Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2019; 3(11): 70-5. [In Persian]
9- Embriaco N, Papazian L, Kentish- Barnes N, Pochard F, Azoulay E. Burnout syndrome among critical care healthcare workers. Current opinion in critical care, 2017; 13(5): 482-488.
10- Soleymani MA, Masoudi R, Sadeghi T, Ghorbani M, Hasanpour DA. [General health and its association with sleep quality in two groups of nurses with and without shift working in educational centers of Iran University Medical sciences (IUMS).” Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal, 2019; 3(10): 70-75. [In Persian]
11- Lai HL, Lin YP, Chang HK, Wang SC, Liu YL, Lee HC, et al. Intensive care unit staff nurses: predicting factors for career decisions. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2018; 17(14): 1886-96.
12- Bohloli N, Paziriye T. The Relationship Between Job Stress, Personality Traits and th Emotional Intelligence of Midwives Working in Health Centers of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2018; 11(4): 365–370. [In Persian]
13- Khaghanizadeh M, Siratinir M, Abdi F, Kaviani H. Assessing of mental health level of employed nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Sciences University. Journal of Mental Health Principles, 2017; 8(31-32): 141-148. [In Persian]
14- Kanai-Pak M, Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Poghosyan L.Poor work environments and nurse inexperienceare associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction,and quality deficits in Japanese hospitals .J ClinNurs, 2018; 17(24): 3324-9.
15- Talaei A, Mokhber N, Mohammadnezhad M, Samari AA. Burnout and its related factors instaffs of university hospitals in Mashhad in2006. Koomesh, 2018; 9(3): 237-45. [In Persian]
16- Abdi H, Shahbazi L. Correlation between occupationstress in nurse’s intensive care unit withjob burnout. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi Universityof Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2018; 9(3): 58-63. [In Persian]
17- Meshkani Z, Koohdani F. A study of anxiety among the nurses and its related factors. Daneshvar Medicin, 2014; 11(52): 47-52. [In Persian]
18- Sang Sook Han S, Soon Sohn I, Eun Kim N.New nurse turnover intention and influencing factors. Korean Acad Nurs, 2009; 39(6): 878-87.
19- Poghosyan L, Clarke SP, Finlayson M, AikenLH. Nurse burnout and quality of care: crossnationalinvestigation in six countries. Res NurseHealth, 2013; 33(4): 288-98.
20- Enjezab B, Farnia F. Occupational stress & psychological-behavioral responses. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of MedicalSciences and Health Services, 2017; 10(3): 32-8. [In Persian]
21- Falahi Khoshknab M, Karimlou M, Rahgoy A,Fatah Moghadam L. Quality of life and factorsrelated to it among psychiatric nurses in theuniversity teaching hospitals in Tehran. Hakim, 2017; 9(4): 24-30. [In Persian]
22- Molazem Z, Mohammad Hosseini S, Karimi Z, Zadehbagheri GH. A study on job stressmakin factors and their degrees of stressfulnessfrom the nurse’s viewpoint in the university hospitalsof Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad. Armaghan Danesh, 2015; 10(3): 95-103. [In Persian]
23- Hebrani P, Behdani F, Mobtaker M. Evaluationof stress factors in nurse’s different hospitalwards. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentalsof Mental Health, 2018; 10(3): 231-7. [In Persian]
24- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of medical sciences in 2001. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2017; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
25- Payami, M. Relationship between Burnout and Social Support in Critical Care Nurses. J Zanjan Med Sci, 2011; 33(1): 52-7. [In Persian]
26- Enjezab B, Farnia F. Occupational stress & psychological-behavioral responses. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of MedicalSciences and Health Services, 2012; 10(3): 32-8. [In Persian]
27- Mostaghani, S, Saroukhod, S. The Relationship between Personality Traits and Psychological Hardiness with Nurses' Job Stress in Shiraz Public Hospitals. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 2016; 13(50): 12-12. [In Persian]
28- Hashem zadeh I, Orangi M, Bahrehdar MJ, Occupational Stress and its Relationship with Mental Health in Shiraz Hospitals Staff. Thoughts and Behavior, 2000; 22(23): 55-62. [In Persian]
29- Montazeri A, Harirchi A, Shariati M, Garmaroudi G, Ebadi M, Fateh A. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2013; 1(1): 61-66. [In Persian]
30- Mousavi S S, Hosseini S H, Balal M, Esmaeili A, Hekmat M, Choobin M. Investigating rate of job burnout and its correlation with organizational punishments and encouragements in navy. J Mar Med, 2019; 1(1): 32-38. [In Persian]
31- Mousavi S S, Hosseini S H, Balal M, Esmaeili A, Hekmat M, Choobin M. Investigating rate of job burnout and its correlation with organizational punishments and encouragements in navy. J Mar Med, 2019; 1(1): 32-38. [In Persian]
32- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. [Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university ofmedical sciences in 2001]. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2007; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
33- Hosseini M, Esfandiari GR. [Survey of the rate of occupational burnout between nursing staff of Sananda hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university ofmedical sciences in 2001]. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2007; 6(1): 31-5. [In Persian]
34- Khakpour R, Birashk B. Epidemiology of gob Burnout syndrome among counselors and psychotherapists. IJPCP, 1999; 4 (3): 14-23. [In Persian]
35- Comparison of Mental Health and Emotional Response Level in Nurses of Sari Psychiatry and Burn Center with Other Educational Centers in Mazandaran Province, 2019; 10(1): 49-60. [In Persian]
36- Hajiamini Z, Ajali A, Fathi Ashtiani A, Ebadi A, Dibaei M, Delkhoush M. The effect of life skills on emotional reactions in adolescents, Journal of Behavioral Sciences (JBS), 2008; 2(3): 293-70. [In Persian]
37- Comparison of Mental Health and Emotional Response Level in Nurses of Sari Psychiatry and Burn Center with Other Educational Centers in Mazandaran Province, 2019; 10(1): 49-60. [In Persian]
38- Pournamdarian S, Bireshk B, Asgharnejad F, Ali A. Explaining the contribution of metacognitive beliefs in predicting symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in nurses. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 2016; 13(49): 86-94. [In Persian]
39- Naeinian M R, Adabdoost F, Khatibi S, Ghomian F. Use of Internet and its Relationship with Mental Health and Life Quality of High School Students. CPAP, 2017; 14(2): 103-113. [In Persian]
40- Homayounfar M, Zargar SM, Danaei A. The Mediating Effect of Self-Care Measures on the Relationship between Health literacy and Quality of life of Patients after Open Heart Surgery. Journal of Health Management, 2019; 10(3): 45-53. [In Persian]
41- Naeinian M R, Adabdoost F, Khatibi S, Ghomian F. Use of Internet and its Relationship with Mental Health and Life Quality of High School Students. CPAP, 2017; 14(2): 103-113. [In Persian]
42- Abbaszadeh, A, Abdi, A. The challenge of nurse scarcity; a serious threat to the health system: a review study. Journal of Community Health, 2016; 9(1): 37-47. [In Persian]
43- Gharakhani D, Zaferanchi A. The Effect of Job Burnout on Turnover Intention with Regard to the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction . j.health, 2019; 10(1): 109-117. [In Persian]
44- Zeighami Mohammadi Sh, Asgharzadeh Haghighi S. Relation between Job Stress and Burnout among Nursing Staff. Avicenna J Nurse Midwifery care, 2011; 19(2): 42-52. [In Persian]
45- Sardarzadeh F, Jian Bagheri M, malake F M. The role of resilience in reduction of job stress and job burnout among employees of satellite project of Iranian Offshore Oil Company. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016; 3(4): 61-77. [In Persian]
46- Halbesleben J R B and Buckley MR. Burnout in Organizational Life. Journal of Management, 2019; 30(6): 859-879.
47- Payami, M. Relationship between Burnout and Social Support in Critical Care Nurses. J Zanjan Med Sci, 2013; 33(1): 52-7. [In Persian]
48- Shakarmi M, Davarnia R, Zahrakar K. Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Students. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 1348; 21(3): 468-481. [In Persian]
49- Sotoudehnia Sh, Safarzadeh A, Navabi Rigi Sh, ANsarimoghadam A. Evaluation of obesity outline in quality of life in pregnat women in zahedan 2010, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 2011; 117(11): 1316-26. [In Persian]
50- Hassanzadeh R. "Job stress". Publications: Tehran Cultural Research Center; 1979: 21-26. [In Persian]
51- Sohn BK, Park SM, Park IJ, et al. The Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Stress among Hospital Workers. J Korean Med Sci, 2018; 33(39): 246.
52- Jaracz M, Rosiak I, Bertrand-Bucińska A, Jaskulski M, Nieżurawska J and Borkowska A. Affective temperament, job stress and professional burnout in nurses and civil servants. PLOS ONE, 2017; 12(6): 6-8.
53- Szczygiel D, Mikolajczak M. Emotional Intelligence Buffers the Effects of Negative Emotions on Job Burnout in Nursing. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018; 9(1): 5-6.
54- Park H, Oh H, Boo S. The Role of Occupational Stress in the Association between Emotional Labor and Mental Health: A Moderated Mediation Model. Sustainability, 2019; 11(7): 9-11.