Effect of ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf on lipid profile, renal and hepatic function biomarkers of high salt fed Albino rats

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

Obinna Ajah ¹ , Chika Unegbu ² , Chukwudi Onwusonye ³ , Chiwendu Nnorom ⁴ , Chioma Duru ⁵

1 - Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria;
2 - Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, School of Industrial and Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria
3 - Department of Biochemistry/Microbiology, School of Industrial and Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria;
4 - Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Akwa, Nigeria
5 - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Industrial and Applied Sciences Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria;

Received: 2022-09-29 Accepted : 2023-02-08 Published : 2023-02-20

Keywords: Biochemical indices, preventive, high salt, Bryophyllum pinnatum,

Abstract :

Background & Aim: Salt is an essential electrolyte; however, high salt loading is associated with numerous adverse effects including alterations in many biochemical parameters. This study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves on the biochemical indices of high salt-fed albino rats.Experimental: Twenty-four male healthy albino rats weighing 110-150g were randomly divided into four groups of six rats per group. Group 1 was administered with feed and water, which was the normal control. Group 2 was administered with 10 mL/kg of 18% NaCl only (Negative control), and groups 3 and 4 were administered with 10 mL/kg of 18% NaCl as well as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively.Results: The acute toxicity of the methanol leaves extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum in rats recorded no mortality even at a high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the animal, thus LD50 could not be determined. The negative control group was significantly (P<0.05) higher in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and bilirubin level when compared with other groups. There was a significant reduction in the Urea and Creatinine levels in the group administered with 400 mg/kg extract. The administration of high salt (18%) increased serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, Urea, creatinine, TAG, Cholesterol, and LDL and reduced the high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Recommended applications/industries: The result of the high salt-fed untreated rats suggested inflammation of the liver and lipid dysfunction; however, the extract showed a highly potent effect in preventing cell damage that could be caused by high salt intake.

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