Rituals in the Ottoman Court: Orta Ouyunu and Karagoz

Subject Areas : The Journal of Islamic History and Civilisation

Reza Abbasi ¹ (Member of Faculty of Art and Architecture of Zabol University, Iran)
Hossein Bayatlou ² (Ph.D Student of Islamic History and Civilization, University of Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2015-06-24 Accepted : 2015-09-12 Published : 2015-08-23

Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Festival, Performing, Entertainment, Orta Ouyunu, Karagoz,

Abstract :

There are a lot of documents and various evidence for festive rituals in Ottoman court, which performed for different purposes, including demonstrating the power and grandeur of the empire. These extravagant festivals were held in variety of occasions like birth of princes, circumcisions, courtier marriages and so on. They took several days to finish and the sultan and High-ranking officials as well as ordinary people attended in the festivals. Among the old types of performing in Ottoman festivals, Orta Ouyunu and Karagoz had comic content and characters that made the audiences laugh a lot. Having examined the existing documents of Ottoman period, especially the visual evidence, including Ottoman miniatures, the authors of the article try to present a critical description of the subject References Acarlı and akova, Meltem, “Ottoman art and Culture During World war 1: Theater as a Communication Tool”, Sofia University, September 2013. Aḥsan, Muḥammad Manāẓir, Zindigī idjtimāī Dar Ḥukūmat Abbāsīān, Masoud Rajab Nia )trans(., Tehran, ʾIlmī wa Farhangī, 1369/1990. Albayrak, Nurettin, “Orta Oyunu”, in Türkiye diyanet vakfı Islam ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, 1988. Ali bey, Travels of Ali bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyptus, Egypt, Arabia, Srria, and Turkey, Between the years 1803 and 1807, Reading, UK, 1993. Amini, Javad,“Kumidīyā dilārta” (Commedia dell'arte), Namāyish, Dawriya Djadīd, No.9, 1367/1988 june. And, Metin, “Karagöz”, Tütkiye diyanet vakfı Islam ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, 2001. And, Metin, “The Turkish folk theatre”, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol.38, vo. 2 (1979). And, Metin, 40 Days 40 Nights Ottoman Wedding Festivites Phocessious, Istanbul, 2000. And, Metin, Karagöz: Turkish shadow theatre, Istanbul, 2005.  And, metin, Osmanlı tasvir sanatları: 1 Minyatür, Istanbul, 2004. Asadī, Ṭūsī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad, Gershāsp-nāma, Revised by Habib Yaghmaei, Tehran, Tahoory, 1354/1975. Aysu, Muzaffre, Karagöz Topkapı sarayindaki tasvirleriyle, Istanbul, 2000.    Awliyā čalabī, Muḥammad Ẓillī B. Darwish, Awliyā čalabī Sīyāḥat- nāma-iy sī, Istanbul, 1314/1935. Baily, John, Music of Afghanistan; Professional musicians in the city of Heart, Cambridge-New York-New Rochelle, 1988. Baykal, Ebru, Osmanlılarda Törenler, Yüksek lisans tezi, Edirne, 2008. Beşir, Ayvazoglu, Turkish coffee culture “A cup of coffee commits one to forty years of friendship”, translated by: Melis Seyhun, Ankara, 2011. Beyzai, Bahram, Namāyish dar Iran, Tehran, (un d.), 1965. Boratav, P.N, “Karagöz”, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden, 1997. Idem, “Orta oyunu”, The encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden, 1995. Chardin, Jean, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et Autres Lieux de I, Orient, ed, l. Langles, Paris, 1811. Djuwaynī, ʿAtaʾ al-Din ʿAtā-Malik, Tarikh Djahan-Gushāy, Edited by Ghazvini, Leiden, 1334 AH/1916 AD. Figueroa, Don García de Silva, Safarnāma-yi Don García de Silva Figueroa (Ambassade de D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa en Perse(, Glamreza Samiei(trans.), Tehran, 1363/1984. Ghaffari, Mojgan & Ashtari Tafreshi, Alireza, “Khayāl al-zill”, Dānīshnāma Djahān-I Islām (The Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor), Tehran, 1390/2011. Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū, ʿAbdallāh b. Luṭf Allāh, Zubdat al-Tawārīkh, Published bySeyyed Kamal Haj Seyyed Javadi, Tehran, 1380/2001. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥla Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Revised by Muḥammad ʾAbd al-Munʿim ʾUrīyan, Beirut, 1407 AH/1987 AD. Ḳalḳashandī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, Ṣubḥ al-Asha fī ṣināat al-inshā, Cairo, 1383 AH/1963 AD. Kāshifī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, Futuwwat-nāma-yi sulṭānī, Muhammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran, Cultural Foundation of Iran, 1971/1350. Khāḳānī, Badīl b. Aḥmad, Diwān, Revised by Seyyed Ziaoddin Sajjad, Tehran, 1338/1959. Kenneth and Richards, Loura, “Commedia dellarte”, in a History of Italian theatre, Cambridge University Press, 2006. Kılıç, çigdem, ortaoyunu ve Karagöz metınlerınde kullanilan ilençler, Sitem sözleri, aşagılamalar, çevrimiçi tematik Türkoloji dergisi online thematic journal of Turkic studies, yil 1, sayi 2/I, temmuz 2009. Kömeçoglu, Ugur, “Homo ludens ve home sapiens arasında kamusallık ve toplumsallık: Osmanlı kahvehaneleri”, in Osmanlı Kahvehanelerı mekan, sosyalleçme, iktidar, Istanbul, 2010. Kudret, Cevdet, Karagöz, Ankara, 1968. Idem, Orta oyunu, Ankara, 1973. Lane, Edward William, An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians, London-New York-Melbourne, 1890. Maḳrīzī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, Kitāb mawāiẓ wa l-itibār fī dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wal-āthār, commonly referred to as khiṭaṭal-Maḳrīzī, Bulaq, 1270 AH/1853 AD. Martinivitch, Nicholas N, The Turkish theatre, Newyork/London, 1968. Miraç ümıt, Nazli, “çadırlardan saraylara Türk tiyatrosunun sahneleri”, Art-sanat, 1, 2014. Monfared, Afsaneh, “Khānḳāh: Niẓām wa ādāb”, Dānīshnāma Djahān-I Islām (The Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor), Tehran, 1389/2010. Mousapour, Ebrahi, “Djashn”, Dānīshnāma Djahān-I Islām(The Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor), Tehran, 1385/2006. Myrsiades, Linda suny, “Legend in the theatre: Alexander the great and the Karaghiozis text”, Educational theatre journal, Vol.27, No.3, popular theatre (oct., 1975). Niẓāmī, Ilyās b. Yūsuf, Kitāb Khusraw wa Shīrīn,Revised by Vahid Dastgerdi, Tehran, 1333/1954. Niẓāmī, Ilyās b. Yūsuf, Makhzan al-Asrār, Revised by Vahid Dastgerdi, Tehran, 1313/1934. Niẓāmī, Ilyās b. Yūsuf, Haft Paykar, Revised by Vahid Dastgerdi, Tehran, (un d.). Ocak, Derya, XVI. Yüzyıl Osmanlı şenliklerinin siyasal boyutları ve gündelik hayata etkileri, Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara, 2006. Oral, ünver, Günümüzden Karagöz-Hacivat söyleşmeleri, Istanbul, 2002. Pakalin, Mehmet Zeki,Osmanli Tarih Deyimleri va Terimleri Sozlugu, Istanbul, 1993. Schuyler, Eugene, Turkistan; Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Kokand, Bukhara and Kuldja, ed. Geoffrey Wheeler and abridged by K. E. West, London, 1966. Shahri Baf, Jafar, Ṭihrān-I ḳadīm, Tehran, MuʿīnI, 1381/2002. Shiykhlī, Ṣabāḥ Ibrāhīm Saʿīd, Al-aṣnāf fī aṣr Abbāsīd: Nishāt-hā  Wa Taṭawūr-ha, Baghdad, Wizāra al-ʾalām, 1396 AH/1976 AD. Smith, James, “Karagöz and Hacivat: projection of subversion and conformance”, Asian theatre Journal, Vol.21, No.2 (Autumn, 2004). sözleri, aşagılamalar, çevrimiçi tematik Türkoloji dergisi online thematic journal of Turkic studies, yil 1, sayi 2/I, temmuz 2009. Thesiger, Wilfred, Riḥla ilā ʿArab ʾAhwar al-ʿirāḳ, Khālid Ḥasan Ilyās, Beirut(trans.), 1426 AH/ 2004 AD. Tahsin, Konur, “Ortaoyunu”, Tiyatro Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 12, 1995. Tietze, Andreas, The Turkish shadow theater and the puppet collection of the L. A. meyer memorial foundation, Berlin: Gebr. Mannverlag, 1977. Yazıcı, Ezgi, Theater in nineteeth century Istanbul: cases for the translation of an architectural typology, A thesis submitted to the graduate school of social ciences of middle east technical university, September 2010.    

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And, Metin, “The Turkish folk theatre”, Asian folklore studies, vol.38, vo. 2 (1979).

And, Metin, 40 Days 40 Nights Ottoman Wedding Festivites Phocessious, Istanbul, 2000.

And, Metin, Karagöz: Turkish shadow theatre, Istanbul, 2005. 

And, metin, Osmanlı tasvir sanatları: 1 Minyatür, Istanbul, 2004.

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sözleri, aşagılamalar, çevrimiçi tematik Türkoloji dergisi online thematic journal of Turkic studies, yil 1, sayi 2/I, temmuz 2009.

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Yazıcı, Ezgi, Theater in nineteeth century Istanbul: cases for the translation of an architectural typology, A thesis submitted to the graduate school of social ciences of middle east technical university, September