Chronological pattern in Islam; Lunar calendar, a jurisprudential requirement or simply a permit

Subject Areas : فقه و تاریخ تمدّن

Abolhasan Bayati ^{1 *}

1 -

Received: 2024-06-08 Accepted : 2025-07-27 Published : 2025-08-07

Keywords: Civilization jurisprudence, calendar, tradition, heresy, colonialism, cultural influence,

Abstract :

The mission of civilized jurisprudence is to derive revelation teachings to discover the opinion of the holy jurists about the Shariah rulings related to the structures and processes in them. These structures shape social systems; And a network of social systems that cover all human needs efficiently and continuously is called "civilization". One of the tools that give identity to any civilization is the chronology, which is the center of the history of that civilization and cultural, national and ritual affairs are connected to it. The issue and the place of dispute is that according to the maximal view of the religion which considers the Islamic holy law as a civilizational software, what calendar has this law determined for the chronology of the Islamic civilization? That is, is the lunar calendar that has been used as a chronology of Islamic history, just a common calendar, or are we required to use it? Therefore, the place of dispute is not a place where, for example, the solar calendar is used in personal matters such as the maturity of a debt. Alama of Tehrani Quds Sarra in his new treatise examined this issue with the method of ijtihad and considered the Islamic calendar to be exclusively the Hijri lunar calendar and did not allow the use of the solar calendar. A critique was published on this theory, which did not provide a detailed explanation of the theory due to the lack of macroscopic view and the lack of separation of different layers of reasoning. In this article, the author's argument was explained in four layers: the first layer, the adaptation of the title "Nasee" in the case of moving worship rituals to the solar calendar. The second layer, examining the chronology structure in the Islamic system. The third layer is the adaptation of the titles of "heresy", "separation of religion from politics", "severing the relationship between the successor generation and the predecessor", "difference between Muslims" and recognizing both calendars. The fourth layer, the obligatory ruling of using the solar calendar on an individual scale, which was considered outside the place of conflict. Finally, returning to the lunar calendar is considered a jurisprudential requirement in the formation of Islamic civilization, and the application of the rule of "rejection of religion" has been rejected.

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