The position of rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of khorasan in the 6th century AH

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

mohammadreza saidi ¹ (PhD student of History of Islam, Islamic azad university, Science and research branch, Tehran, Iran)
zohair siamian ² (Assistant professor of History, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author))
sina forozesh ³ (Assistant professor of History,, science and research branch , islamic azad university, tehran,iran)

Received: 2022-10-31 Accepted : 2022-10-31 Published : 2021-11-22

Keywords: Khorasan, Mystical literature, social history,   Sufism, Rashidun Caliphs, Social Convergence,

Abstract :

The end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism.  The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the oldest organized methods, the formation of some rituals, the growth and development of monasteries as formal social institutions, are prominent features of this period.  While the religions of the society were facing each other among the Sunnis and Shiites, the Sufi currents tried to reduce these sectarian differences by presenting unifying concepts.  Among these issues were the differences between the Islamic sects, the issue of the caliphate, the Imamate, and the position of my Rashidun caliphs in terms of political legitimacy and ideological superiority, but the Sufi currents tried to define the issue differently by offering a different definition of the issue.  Rashidun caliphs should be considered Sufis in Islamic thought and culture. The problem of the present research is what was the position of the personality of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of the sixth century AH in Khorasan?  The position of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents seems to be convergently defined, given that Sufism and mysticism have always been the inspiration and unifier of Muslims.  In the present study, the typology of religious and social concepts of the life of the four caliphs in Sufi literature has been studied in a semantic way.