Two Perspectives (Natural-Climatic and Social) in the Formation of the Kharijites: Examination and Analysis

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

zainab monfarad, ¹ , Jalil Poor Hassan Darabi ^{2 *} , Abbas ashoorinejad ³

1 - PHD student of Islamic history, Darab branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor of History, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran
3 - Associate Professor of History, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran

Received: 2022-12-22 Accepted : 2023-02-05 Published : 2025-03-05

Keywords: Kharijite, Transgression, Climatic factors, Social factors,

Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to examine two perspectives, namely natural-climactic and social in the formation and emergence of Kharijite and the notion of transgression in the Islamic realm, and in particular, the Arabian Peninsula as well as its consequences in the formation of political, social and religious developments of the early Islam. Although it seems that the Kharijites were formed against Imam Ali during the Battle of Siffin (657) and on the grounds that “judgment belongs only to Allah”, the history of transgression pre-dates Islam among the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, and natural-climatic conditions as well as social conditions were influential in the emergence of the thinking that led to the formation of the Kharijite sect in the Islamic world later in the first century AH. The influence of the Kharijite sect in the political and social developments of the early centuries AH, which initially functioned as a political sect and gradually transformed into a theological sect, and the influence of their beliefs in the theological discussions of the early Islamic centuries highlights the significance of studying the factors involved in the formation and emergence of this sect in the Islamic realm