Interaction and confrontation with Sunnis and Shiites in the era of Aurangzeb

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

mohammad  mehraien ¹ (phd student depatment of history mahallat branch islamic azad univer sity of mahallat iran)
amirteymour  rafiei ² (associate professor history department mahallat branch islammic azad universite mahallat iran)
mohammad nabi  salim ³ (associate professor history depaetment shahroud branch islamic azad university shahroud iran)

Received: 2022-02-23 Accepted : 2022-06-13 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: religious policy, Minorities, KeyWords:Aurangzeb, Mughal of India, 11th cen. AH,

Abstract :

Assessing the religious policy of Muslim states in history is one of the most controversial points that some scholars have taken a critical look at. The Gurkhanid rule in India is one of the states that has attracted the attention of scholars and they have spoken about it in particular, considering the two different types of religious tolerance or religious confrontation during the reigns of Akber & Aurangzeb. Meanwhile, the transformation of religious politics over a period of one hundred years and its impact on the ruling process of the imperial dynasty is important because it is considered a criterion for the decline of the Gurkhans of India. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method and based on theoretical and library studies, this study examines the practice of the Aurangzeb government with the two main sections of the Indian Muslim community, namely Sunnis and Shiites. Although critics argue that Aurangzeb abandoned the multifaceted religious heritage of his predecessors, inciting the majority of Indian society against the Islamic system and destroying his dynasty by imposing taxes on non-Muslims and destroying Indian temples, it should not be forgotten. The shift in the balance in favor of the Muslims, through interaction with the Sunnis and confrontation with the Shiites, all ended to the detriment of India's Muslim minority. It made alliance between Shiites and Sunnis in India impossible and involved the majority of Indo-religions with Muslims. He incited Hindus and Sikhs against the Gurkhani government and rendered Shiites and Sunnis incapable of