expression of insecurity consequences of Mongols and Timurids invasion in Sistan based on the theory of Copenhagen school

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

monir arya ¹ , Shahrbanoo Delbari ² , Ardeshir Asadbeigi, ³

1 - PhD student, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor , Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Mashhad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Mashhad ,Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor of the Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations , Mashhad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Mashhad ,Iran.

Received: 2022-06-28 Accepted : 2022-12-01 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: Sistan, Insecurity, Mongols and Timurids, Copenhagen Theory,

Abstract :

Throughout history, Sistan has had its ups and downs in the field of livelihood, economic and agricultural activities as a "cereal warehouses". In this article, researchers will "investigate the relationship between Mongol and Timurids invasion with the spread of insecurity in Sistan", using the library tools and historical-analytical research methods. The findings of the research based on the security theory of Copenhagen school show that types of insecurities by the Mongols and Timurids expressed in the five following dimensions, threatened and destroyed five dimensions of security: 1. Political insecurity: deportation of local rulers, appointment of incompetent people in charge of affairs, lack of life and job security, and destruction of all political lifes in the defeated cities2. Military insecurity by invaders: suppression of local governments and the destruction of military resources in devastated cities, creation of a human shield by prisoners, the forced conscription and determining the right of fodder for the troops passage 3. Environmental insecurity: destruction of the ecosystem, mass slaughter, genocide and burning of animals and plants, and destruction of dams by the Timurids4. Social Insecurity: forced Migration of human resources, prevalence of lies, usury, moral corruption, appointment of incompetent people in important matters of society, valuating the rabble and dunkey keepers5. Economic insecurity: destruction of farms, destruction of irrigation system, determination of taxes, slavery of citizens, confiscation of property and expansion of usury and usury taking by the Mongols and TimuridsVocabulary: Insecurity, Mongols and Timurids, Sistan, Copenhagen Theory.