Comparative Perspectives On Valuation and the Impact of the IPOs
Subject Areas : Financial Knowledge of Securities AnalysisMaryam Davallou 1 , Seyed Amirmahdi Hashemi 2 *
1 - Assistant Professor of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - MA of Financial Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: underpricing, Comparison Theory in Behaviora, Initial Public Offering,
Abstract :
Being a general stock, is one of the progressive option for under developing companies in which in addition to attract required sources to develop activities they can easily access to financial markets such as debt markets and stock markets. In Iran according to privatization capital policy new IPOs enter to capital market that determining appropriate price to offer which is a big distress for these companies’ managers. Exact evaluation is of being importance when IPO is really high and price offering and investors don’t participate in offering process. And this matter leads to great financial or intellectual expanses to both supply investment institute and applicant company or the offering price is really lower than what is expected that the applicant company, benefit would be ignored. Therefore to determine a realistic price to offer the initial IPO which supply the success offering process would be of great importance. One of the important economical and financial matter, is to offer the stocks in a public form and to convert the proper ownership to the public one. And because of its great benefit such as new investment equipment, higher competition, tax’ exemption, and access to cheap financial resources would be welcomed to the companies.
* باقرزاده، سعید. (1391). نقش اطلاعات حسابداری در قیمتگذاری سهام شرکتهای جدیدالورود (IPOS) به بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. رساله دکتری. دانشگاه تهران.
* عباسی، ابراهیم.، و بالاورد، مهدی. (1388). آزمون پدیده ارزان قیمتگذاری عرضه عمومی اولیه سهام و عملکرد بلندمدت آن در بورس تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی، سال اول، شماره 3، 198-217.
* هیبتی، فرشاد.، و مرادی، زهرا. (1389). قیمت گذاری سهام در عرضه اولیه در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. دانش مالی تحلیل اوراق بهادار، دوره 3، شماره 6، 19 -48.
* یعقوبنژاد، احمد.، و تاجیکنیا، الهام. (1389). تبیین عوامل مالی و غیرمالی بر عملکرد کوتاهمدت عرضه اولیه سهام (IPO) در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. مهندسی مالی و مدیریت اوراق بهادار، دوره 1، شماره 1، 55 -82.
* Barry, C., & Jennings, R. (1993). The Opening Price Performance of Initial Public Offerings of Common Stock. Financial Management, 22(1), 54-63.
* Chambers, D., & Dimson, E. (2009). IPO underpricing over the very long run. Journal of Finance, 64, 1407−1443.
* Chang, Chih-Hsiang. (2011). IPO underpricing: A social comparison perspective. International Review of Economics and Finance, 20, 367–375.
* Cho, S. (1992). The Possibility of Failure and the Pricing of Best-Efforts Initial Public Offerings. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 32(2), 30-45.
* Drake, P., & Vetsuypens, M. (1993). IPO Underpricing and Insurance Against Legal Liability. Financial Management, 22(1), 64-73.
* Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117−140.
* Fox, S., & Dayan, K. (2004). Framing and risky choice as influenced by comparison of one's achievements with others: The case of investment in the stock exchange. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(3), 301−321.
* Jain, N., & Madhukar, V. (2015). Social comparison behavior of firms and Underpricing of IPOs in India. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(19), 128-136.
* Katti, S., Phani, B.V. (2016). Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: A Literature Review. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(2), 35-52.
* Kerins, F., Kutsuna, K., & Smith, R. (2007). Why are IPOs underpriced? Evidence from Japan's hybrid auction- method offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 85, 637−666.
* Krishnamurti, C., & Thong, T. Y. (2008). Lockup expiration, insider selling and bid-ask spreads. International Review of Economics & Finance, 17, 230−244.
* Ljungqvist, A. (2007). IPO underpricing: A survey. Handbook of Corporate Finance: Empirical Corporate Finance, New York: Elsevier/North Holland.
* Ljungqvist, A., Vikram, N., & Rajdeep, S., (2006). Hot markets, investor Sentiment, and IPO Pricing. The Journal of Business, 79(4), 1667-1702.
* Loughran, T. & Ritter, J. R. (2002). Why Has IPO Underpricing Increased Over Time? Retrieved April 29, 2015, from http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/behfin/2002-04-11/loughran-ritter.pdf
* Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. (2005). Why has IPO underpricing changed over time? Financial Management, 33, 5−37.
* Loughran, T., Ritter, J.R. & Rydqvist, K. (1994). Initial public offerings: International insights. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 2(2-3), 165-199, (Retrieved 2014).
* McDonald, J. G., & Fisher, A. K. (1972). New-Issue Stock Price Behavior. The Journal of Finance, 27, 97-102.
* Reilly, F. K., & Hatfield, K. (1969). Investors' Experience with New Stock Issues. Financial Analysts Journal, 25(5), 73-80.
* Ritter, J., (1991). The long-run performance of initial public offerings. Journal of Finance, 46, 3-27.
* Rock, K. (1986). Why new issues are underpriced. Journal of Financial Economics, 15, 187−212.
* Thaler, R. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science, 4, 199−214.
* Yong, O. (2007). A review of IPO research in Asia: What¢s next? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 15, 253-275
_||_* باقرزاده، سعید. (1391). نقش اطلاعات حسابداری در قیمتگذاری سهام شرکتهای جدیدالورود (IPOS) به بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. رساله دکتری. دانشگاه تهران.
* عباسی، ابراهیم.، و بالاورد، مهدی. (1388). آزمون پدیده ارزان قیمتگذاری عرضه عمومی اولیه سهام و عملکرد بلندمدت آن در بورس تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی، سال اول، شماره 3، 198-217.
* هیبتی، فرشاد.، و مرادی، زهرا. (1389). قیمت گذاری سهام در عرضه اولیه در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. دانش مالی تحلیل اوراق بهادار، دوره 3، شماره 6، 19 -48.
* یعقوبنژاد، احمد.، و تاجیکنیا، الهام. (1389). تبیین عوامل مالی و غیرمالی بر عملکرد کوتاهمدت عرضه اولیه سهام (IPO) در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. مهندسی مالی و مدیریت اوراق بهادار، دوره 1، شماره 1، 55 -82.
* Barry, C., & Jennings, R. (1993). The Opening Price Performance of Initial Public Offerings of Common Stock. Financial Management, 22(1), 54-63.
* Chambers, D., & Dimson, E. (2009). IPO underpricing over the very long run. Journal of Finance, 64, 1407−1443.
* Chang, Chih-Hsiang. (2011). IPO underpricing: A social comparison perspective. International Review of Economics and Finance, 20, 367–375.
* Cho, S. (1992). The Possibility of Failure and the Pricing of Best-Efforts Initial Public Offerings. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 32(2), 30-45.
* Drake, P., & Vetsuypens, M. (1993). IPO Underpricing and Insurance Against Legal Liability. Financial Management, 22(1), 64-73.
* Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117−140.
* Fox, S., & Dayan, K. (2004). Framing and risky choice as influenced by comparison of one's achievements with others: The case of investment in the stock exchange. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(3), 301−321.
* Jain, N., & Madhukar, V. (2015). Social comparison behavior of firms and Underpricing of IPOs in India. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(19), 128-136.
* Katti, S., Phani, B.V. (2016). Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: A Literature Review. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(2), 35-52.
* Kerins, F., Kutsuna, K., & Smith, R. (2007). Why are IPOs underpriced? Evidence from Japan's hybrid auction- method offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 85, 637−666.
* Krishnamurti, C., & Thong, T. Y. (2008). Lockup expiration, insider selling and bid-ask spreads. International Review of Economics & Finance, 17, 230−244.
* Ljungqvist, A. (2007). IPO underpricing: A survey. Handbook of Corporate Finance: Empirical Corporate Finance, New York: Elsevier/North Holland.
* Ljungqvist, A., Vikram, N., & Rajdeep, S., (2006). Hot markets, investor Sentiment, and IPO Pricing. The Journal of Business, 79(4), 1667-1702.
* Loughran, T. & Ritter, J. R. (2002). Why Has IPO Underpricing Increased Over Time? Retrieved April 29, 2015, from http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/behfin/2002-04-11/loughran-ritter.pdf
* Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. (2005). Why has IPO underpricing changed over time? Financial Management, 33, 5−37.
* Loughran, T., Ritter, J.R. & Rydqvist, K. (1994). Initial public offerings: International insights. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 2(2-3), 165-199, (Retrieved 2014).
* McDonald, J. G., & Fisher, A. K. (1972). New-Issue Stock Price Behavior. The Journal of Finance, 27, 97-102.
* Reilly, F. K., & Hatfield, K. (1969). Investors' Experience with New Stock Issues. Financial Analysts Journal, 25(5), 73-80.
* Ritter, J., (1991). The long-run performance of initial public offerings. Journal of Finance, 46, 3-27.
* Rock, K. (1986). Why new issues are underpriced. Journal of Financial Economics, 15, 187−212.
* Thaler, R. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science, 4, 199−214.
* Yong, O. (2007). A review of IPO research in Asia: What¢s next? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 15, 253-275