Age-specific fertility-life table and time-specific life table of the small walnut aphid Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenb) (Hem.: Aphididae)
Subject Areas :
Keywords: Aphid, Walnut, Life history, Time-specific life table, Age-specific life table,
Abstract :
Small walnut aphid(SWA) Chromaphis juglandicola(Kaltenb) has a continuous occurrence in walnut orchards of Azerbaijan region, northwest of Iran. Demographic studies are essential for predicting future population levels and providing of a robust framework in decision makings in IPM programs. Two kinds of life tables were studied in this research. First, the time-specific life tables for natural populations and the second age-specific reproductive life tables for confined populations were studied in natural habitats upon young seedlings grown in pots. Stable structure of natural populations consisted of 67.5% of the first plus second instars, 22% of the third plus fourth instar nymphs and 10.5% of the alata females (averaged for 16 samples with overlapped stages). In this regards a total 85% immature mortality divided to 67.4% young nymphs followed by 52.3% old ones. The maximum instantaneous growth rate of population was 0.158 and 0.286 per day while the generation time was 12.5 and 7.8 days in spring and summer cohorts of confined populations respectively. The net replacement rate was <10 females per generation in both. This might show strict effects of physical conditions; particularly the temperature in outbreaks of SWA. Natural population changes were different with confined populations as a decreasing trend. This was seen all along the summer, which might show a bottom-up effect. In other words, the host plant quality was different between fully grown trees and potted seedlings.
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