Studying Emplacement of Ivan in Architectural Configuration of Mansions Utilizing Space Syntax Method;
Case Study: (Traditional Houses of Guilan)
Subject Areas :
Architecture and urbanism
Sahar Bashirzadeh
1
,
Jamaleddin Soheili
2
,
Farshad Mafakher
3
1 - Ph.D. Researcher in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. *(Corresponding author)
3 - Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
Received: 2020-09-22
Accepted : 2021-01-27
Published : 2021-07-23
Keywords:
Vernacular,
Ivan,
traditional architecture,
Space Syntax,
mansions,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Guilan vernacular houses have always been subject of research from a variety of aspects in architectural fields. According to fundamental role that Ivan element plays in Guilan architecture with different usages and appearance in a specific region and function, in this article Ivan space will be studied utilizing space syntax theory.Material and Methodology: As case study samples, four traditional mansions that are remains of Iran national heritage have been selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. They are located in plain area of Guilan and all are referred to the end of Qajar era and beginning of first Pahlavi epoch. Integration value and penetration of Ivan could be studied by space syntax indicators, j-graphs, mathematics and analyses calculated based on data derived from A graph software specifically assembled for this theory. A descriptive comparative methodology has been employed, in order to study occurrence of spatial configurations and Ivan positions.Discussion and Conclusion: An endeavor to conforming vernacular building style and their way of construction has been made, utilizing space syntax software analyses, j-graphs and indicators like “depth”, “integration”, “ring” and “control value”.Results: Considering decorative and convenient aspects and financial sustainability of habitants of houses, Ivans are built with different features. They demonstrate an eclectic style of construction which will be compelling by distinct integration rate, control value and connection.
References:
Eslah Erbani, A., 2001. Guilan Book (Volume 2). Iranian Researchers Group Publication. 814 Pages. (In Persian)
Bromberger, C., 1991. Housing and architecture in the rural community of Guilan (anthropological studies). Translated by Aladdin Goshegir, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Tehran, 200 pages. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M., 2007. Architecture of houses in Guilan. Encyclopedia of Culture and Civilization of Guilan, Ilia Culture, 114 pages. (In Persian)
Rezaei Nia, A., Laleh, H., 2014. Critical study and analysis of Ivan's origin hypotheses. Archaeological Studies, 6 (2): 59-71. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M ., Eshghi Sanati, h., 2014. The effect of social factors on the physical texture of Guilan rurals. Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment , No. 148: 3-20. (In Persian)
Bafna, S., 2003. Space Syntax: A Brief Introduction to Its Logic and Analytical Techniques. Environment and Behavior, 35(1): 17-29.
Şalgamcıoğlu, M. E., 2014. Space Syntax: A Dialect of Architectural Design Research.EURAU 2014, Composite Cities, Istanbul-Turkey. 11P.
8-Mulazadeh, A., Barani Pesyan, V., Khosrozadeh, M., 2012. Application of Space Syntax in Valiasr street of Basht city. Journal of Urban Management, No. 29: 81- 90. (In Persian)
Madahi, s. M., Memarian, Gh., 2016. Spatial configuration analysis of vernacular houses with spatial syntax approach (Case study: Boshrouyeh city). Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 156: 49-67. (In Persian)
Soheili, J., & Bashirzadeh, S., 2015. Studying flexibility factor in the architecture of Khaneh-Hussainias using space syntax theory with approach to social relations, case study: Amini, Razavi and Akhavizadegan Khaneh-Hussainia in Qazvin. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 7(14): 67-79.
Hamedani Golshan, H., 2015. Rethinking the theory of "space syntax", an approach in architecture and urban design; Case study: Boroujerdi House, Kashan. Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, 20 (2): 85-92. (In Persian)
Tabatabai Malazi, F., Saber Nezhad, J., 2016. Analytical approach of space syntax in the perception of spatial configuration of Qeshm vernacular housing (case study of Laft village). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 154: 75-88. (In Persian)
Peyvastegar, Y., Heidari, A A., Kiai, M., 2017. Investigating the Difference of Space and Spatial Value in Traditional Iranian Houses Using Spatial Arrangement Method, Quarterly of Haft Hesar Environmental Studies, Year 6, Number 20: 5-14. (In Persian)
Heidari, AA, Ghasemian Asl, A., Kiai, M., 2017. Analysis of the spatial structure of traditional Iranian houses using space syntax method (Case study: Comparison of houses in Yazd, Kashan and Isfahan ). Scientific-Research Quarterly of Islamic Iranian City Studies, Year 7, No. 28: 21-34. (In Persian)
Heidarnataj, V., Ahmadi, S., 2019. Analysis of spatial relation of rural houses based on socio-cultural attitudes (Case study: Koohpar village). Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 166: 19-34. (In Persian)
Razjoo, M., Matin, M., Emamgholi, A., 2019. Analysis of the formation of social interactions in rural housing in temperate and humid climates using the method of space syntax in housing in the plains of Guilan, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 11 (2): 371-396. (In Persian)
Qasemian Asl, A., Nasr, T., 2018. Investigation of spatial desirability of traditional houses based on functional efficiency components (Case study: Qajar houses in Yazd). Haft Hesar Environmental Studies Quarterly, No. 23: 107-121. (In Persian)
Heydari, AA., Peyvastegar, Y., Kiai, M., 2016. Evaluating role of yard in improving the functional efficiency of "house". Sofeh Scientific-Research Quarterly, No. 73: 39-60. (In Persian)
Soheili, J .; Arefian, A., 2016. Analysis of social-humanity relations in the spaces of mosque-schools of Qazvin during Qajar based on the approach of space syntax. Journal of Human Geographical Research Autumn, 48 (3): 475-491. (In Persian)
Soheili, J., Rasooli, N., 2016. A Comparative Study of Space Syntax of Qajar Caravanserais (Case Study: Qazvin and Kashan Caravanserais. Scientific-Research Journal of Hoviatshahr, No. 26: 47-60. (In Persian)
Karbalaei Hosseini Ghiasvand, A. Soheili, J., 2018. Investigating the role of physical components of the environment in the socialization of cultural spaces using space syntax technique, case study: Dezful and Niavaran cultural complexes, Armanshahr Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, No. 25: 361-374. (In Persian)
Bemanian, M.R., Jalvani, M., Arjmandi, S., 2016. Investigating the Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Wisdom in Islamic Architecture of Isfahan School Mosques, Case Study: Aghanour Mosque, Imam Mosque of Isfahan and Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Journal of Iranian Architecture studies, Fifth Year, No. 9: 141- 158. (In Persian)
Kiai, M. Peyvastegar, Y., Heidari, AA.,2017. The basic position of porch in promoting functional efficiency in mosques, Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, Fifth Year, No. 14: 68-85. (In Persian)
Mustafa, F. A., Hassan, A. S. 2010. Spatial-functional analysis of Kurdish courtyard houses in Erbil city. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(3): 560-568.
Dursun, P. and Saglamer, G., 2003, June. Spatial analysis of different home environments in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. In Proceedings of Space Syntax Fourth International Symposium (Vol. 1),18pp.
Hanson, J. 2003. Decoding of homes and houses. 1st Edn., Cambridge university press, Cambridge, ISBN: 10:0521543517,328P.
Mobarhan Shafiei, N., Historical houses of Guilan. Encyclopedia of Culture and Civilization of Guilan, Volume No. 37, Farhang Ilia Publishing, 150 pages. (In Persian)
Memarian, Gh., 2002. Syntax of Architectural Space, Journal of Sefeh, No. 35: 74-84. (In Persian)
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Klarqvist, B. (2000). Integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2(3-4): 161-171.
Kamalipour, H., Memarian, Gh. H., Faizi, M., Mousavian, M.F., 2012. Formal Composition and Spatial Configuration in Vernacular Houses: A Comparative Comparison of Guest Space Arrangement in Traditional Houses in Kerman, Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 138: 3-16. (In Persian)
Hillier, B. 2007. Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture. In: Electronic, editor. London: space syntax Ltd. http//:www.spacesyntax.com.355P.
Khakpour, M., Ansari, M. Sheikh Mehdi, A., Tavousi, M., 2015. Socio-cultural characteristics of vernacular housing. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 149: 3-14. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M. Ansari, M., Taherian, A.,2010. Typology of houses in old texture of Rasht. Journal of Fine Arts, No. 41: 29-42. (In Persian)
Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.281P.
Manum B, Rusten E, Benze P. AGRAPH, software for drawing and calculating space syntax graphs. InProceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium 2005 Jun (Vol. 1, p. 97).
Ostwald, M.J., 2011. The mathematics of spatial configuration: Revisiting, revising and critiquing justified plan graph theory. Nexus Network Journal, 13(2), pp.445-470.
Rapoport, A. 1969. House, form and culture, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.146P.
Asquith, L., and Vellinga, M. 2005. Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First Century, Theory, education and practice. Talor & Francis e-Library, London and New York. 437.
_||_
Eslah Erbani, A., 2001. Guilan Book (Volume 2). Iranian Researchers Group Publication. 814 Pages. (In Persian)
Bromberger, C., 1991. Housing and architecture in the rural community of Guilan (anthropological studies). Translated by Aladdin Goshegir, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Tehran, 200 pages. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M., 2007. Architecture of houses in Guilan. Encyclopedia of Culture and Civilization of Guilan, Ilia Culture, 114 pages. (In Persian)
Rezaei Nia, A., Laleh, H., 2014. Critical study and analysis of Ivan's origin hypotheses. Archaeological Studies, 6 (2): 59-71. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M ., Eshghi Sanati, h., 2014. The effect of social factors on the physical texture of Guilan rurals. Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment , No. 148: 3-20. (In Persian)
Bafna, S., 2003. Space Syntax: A Brief Introduction to Its Logic and Analytical Techniques. Environment and Behavior, 35(1): 17-29.
Şalgamcıoğlu, M. E., 2014. Space Syntax: A Dialect of Architectural Design Research.EURAU 2014, Composite Cities, Istanbul-Turkey. 11P.
8-Mulazadeh, A., Barani Pesyan, V., Khosrozadeh, M., 2012. Application of Space Syntax in Valiasr street of Basht city. Journal of Urban Management, No. 29: 81- 90. (In Persian)
Madahi, s. M., Memarian, Gh., 2016. Spatial configuration analysis of vernacular houses with spatial syntax approach (Case study: Boshrouyeh city). Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 156: 49-67. (In Persian)
Soheili, J., & Bashirzadeh, S., 2015. Studying flexibility factor in the architecture of Khaneh-Hussainias using space syntax theory with approach to social relations, case study: Amini, Razavi and Akhavizadegan Khaneh-Hussainia in Qazvin. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 7(14): 67-79.
Hamedani Golshan, H., 2015. Rethinking the theory of "space syntax", an approach in architecture and urban design; Case study: Boroujerdi House, Kashan. Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, 20 (2): 85-92. (In Persian)
Tabatabai Malazi, F., Saber Nezhad, J., 2016. Analytical approach of space syntax in the perception of spatial configuration of Qeshm vernacular housing (case study of Laft village). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 154: 75-88. (In Persian)
Peyvastegar, Y., Heidari, A A., Kiai, M., 2017. Investigating the Difference of Space and Spatial Value in Traditional Iranian Houses Using Spatial Arrangement Method, Quarterly of Haft Hesar Environmental Studies, Year 6, Number 20: 5-14. (In Persian)
Heidari, AA, Ghasemian Asl, A., Kiai, M., 2017. Analysis of the spatial structure of traditional Iranian houses using space syntax method (Case study: Comparison of houses in Yazd, Kashan and Isfahan ). Scientific-Research Quarterly of Islamic Iranian City Studies, Year 7, No. 28: 21-34. (In Persian)
Heidarnataj, V., Ahmadi, S., 2019. Analysis of spatial relation of rural houses based on socio-cultural attitudes (Case study: Koohpar village). Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 166: 19-34. (In Persian)
Razjoo, M., Matin, M., Emamgholi, A., 2019. Analysis of the formation of social interactions in rural housing in temperate and humid climates using the method of space syntax in housing in the plains of Guilan, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 11 (2): 371-396. (In Persian)
Qasemian Asl, A., Nasr, T., 2018. Investigation of spatial desirability of traditional houses based on functional efficiency components (Case study: Qajar houses in Yazd). Haft Hesar Environmental Studies Quarterly, No. 23: 107-121. (In Persian)
Heydari, AA., Peyvastegar, Y., Kiai, M., 2016. Evaluating role of yard in improving the functional efficiency of "house". Sofeh Scientific-Research Quarterly, No. 73: 39-60. (In Persian)
Soheili, J .; Arefian, A., 2016. Analysis of social-humanity relations in the spaces of mosque-schools of Qazvin during Qajar based on the approach of space syntax. Journal of Human Geographical Research Autumn, 48 (3): 475-491. (In Persian)
Soheili, J., Rasooli, N., 2016. A Comparative Study of Space Syntax of Qajar Caravanserais (Case Study: Qazvin and Kashan Caravanserais. Scientific-Research Journal of Hoviatshahr, No. 26: 47-60. (In Persian)
Karbalaei Hosseini Ghiasvand, A. Soheili, J., 2018. Investigating the role of physical components of the environment in the socialization of cultural spaces using space syntax technique, case study: Dezful and Niavaran cultural complexes, Armanshahr Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, No. 25: 361-374. (In Persian)
Bemanian, M.R., Jalvani, M., Arjmandi, S., 2016. Investigating the Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Wisdom in Islamic Architecture of Isfahan School Mosques, Case Study: Aghanour Mosque, Imam Mosque of Isfahan and Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Journal of Iranian Architecture studies, Fifth Year, No. 9: 141- 158. (In Persian)
Kiai, M. Peyvastegar, Y., Heidari, AA.,2017. The basic position of porch in promoting functional efficiency in mosques, Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, Fifth Year, No. 14: 68-85. (In Persian)
Mustafa, F. A., Hassan, A. S. 2010. Spatial-functional analysis of Kurdish courtyard houses in Erbil city. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(3): 560-568.
Dursun, P. and Saglamer, G., 2003, June. Spatial analysis of different home environments in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. In Proceedings of Space Syntax Fourth International Symposium (Vol. 1),18pp.
Hanson, J. 2003. Decoding of homes and houses. 1st Edn., Cambridge university press, Cambridge, ISBN: 10:0521543517,328P.
Mobarhan Shafiei, N., Historical houses of Guilan. Encyclopedia of Culture and Civilization of Guilan, Volume No. 37, Farhang Ilia Publishing, 150 pages. (In Persian)
Memarian, Gh., 2002. Syntax of Architectural Space, Journal of Sefeh, No. 35: 74-84. (In Persian)
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Klarqvist, B. (2000). Integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2(3-4): 161-171.
Kamalipour, H., Memarian, Gh. H., Faizi, M., Mousavian, M.F., 2012. Formal Composition and Spatial Configuration in Vernacular Houses: A Comparative Comparison of Guest Space Arrangement in Traditional Houses in Kerman, Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 138: 3-16. (In Persian)
Hillier, B. 2007. Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture. In: Electronic, editor. London: space syntax Ltd. http//:www.spacesyntax.com.355P.
Khakpour, M., Ansari, M. Sheikh Mehdi, A., Tavousi, M., 2015. Socio-cultural characteristics of vernacular housing. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 149: 3-14. (In Persian)
Khakpour, M. Ansari, M., Taherian, A.,2010. Typology of houses in old texture of Rasht. Journal of Fine Arts, No. 41: 29-42. (In Persian)
Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.281P.
Manum B, Rusten E, Benze P. AGRAPH, software for drawing and calculating space syntax graphs. InProceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium 2005 Jun (Vol. 1, p. 97).
Ostwald, M.J., 2011. The mathematics of spatial configuration: Revisiting, revising and critiquing justified plan graph theory. Nexus Network Journal, 13(2), pp.445-470.
Rapoport, A. 1969. House, form and culture, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.146P.
Asquith, L., and Vellinga, M. 2005. Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First Century, Theory, education and practice. Talor & Francis e-Library, London and New York. 437.
