Review of rules and regulations of energy traders in the World Trade Organization
Subject Areas : environmental managementMansour Pournouri 1 , hatam sadeghi ziari 2 , Solmaz Sadeghi 3
1 - Assistant professor of Law, Islamic Azad University, Central, of Tehran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - Assistant professor of Law, Payam Noor University of Tehran.
3 - PhD Student in International Law, Islamic Azad University, Central, of Tehran.
Keywords: World Trade Organization (WTO), Globalization, multilateral system, Energy Trade,
Abstract :
Economic development and international trade have led to the formation of a global interdependent economic system, which is becoming a unique international system due to the development of human societies and basic needs in the present era, and in this regard, the international institutions have played a major role. If the business rules are clearer and more predictable, they can, at the same time, meet mutual interests of both energy exporting In fact, globalization of energy trading has increased the importance of its role in economic relations between countries through the international investment,deregulation ofdomestic markets of countries,and a new connection between the area of energy in different countries and the political economy in the word.The present studydescriptive way,explored internat ional energy rules as well as energy trade multilateral system and tried to determine whether energy products are different from other products and require certain trade rules.It also examines the obstacles to make regulations in the area of trade energy in wto regarding characteristics of different kinds of energy.
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- Danae, Azaria (2015). ”Energy Transit under the Energy Charter Treaty and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”, Journal of Energy &Natural Resources Law. vol. 27, 4 :52-92
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- Hochman, Gal, and, David, Zilberman (2015). The Political Ecinimy of OPEC, Energy Economics, 48:203
- Tacoa-Vielma, J, (2003), “Defining Energy Services for the GATS: An issue under Discussion” in Energy and Environmental Services: Negotiating Objectives and Development Priorities, UNCTAD, United Nations, New York, US, Geneva, Switzerland: 34
- Paola D. Farah and Elena Cima (2013), “Energy Trade and the WTO Implications for Renewable Ener Gyand the Opec Cartel”, Journal of international Economic law, Doi: 10. 1093:89
- Selivanova, Yulia (2016), “the WTO and Energy”, WTO Rules and Agreements of Relevance to the Energy Sector, Energy Charter Secretariat. 5.:8-19
- Kim, Talus (2014).”Research Handbook on International Energy Law”, Edward Elgar puplishing:302
- TimothyMeyer,(2016), Explaining Energy Disputes at the World Trade, Organization (American Society of International Law ):106-116
- Omid Bakhsh, Asfandyar, Zahid Talban ,Ali(1385),World Trade Organization Rules and Agreements ,Tehran ,Printing and Publishing Trading,Number2,28-35.(In persian)
- Tobias Peter, worldTrade Organization (WTO) in Frauke Lachenmann and Rudiger Wolfrum (Eds) (2015). International Economic Law, The Max Planck Encyclopedia of public thematic series vol. I, Oxford University press: 28-54
- yong,Alwyn (2005),”learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effect of International Trade “, journal of Economics 106:369-405.
- BaniAsadzada,Mujtaba,(1383),Comparison of the implementation of the World Trade Organization and UNCTAD,Publication of political science,Number14. (In Persian)
- Gibbs, M, (2003), “Energy Services, Energy Policies and the Doha Agenda”, in Energy and Environmental Services: Negotiating Objectives and Development Priorities. UNCTAD, United Nations, New York, US, Geneva, Switzerland: 83
- Stewart, T, P, (2004), “the GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History (1999- 2004): 9-18
- Nancy, D, S, (1989), “Natural Resource Pricing Policies and the international Trading System”, Harvard international law journal, winter 30(1): 635.
- Leal- Arcas, Rafael et al (2018). Commentary the Energy Charter Treaty, Edward Elgar, UK: 325
- UNCTAD (2000), Trade Agreement, Petroleum and Energy Policies. UNCTAD/ ITCD/ TSB/ nine, United Nations Conference New York, US, Geneva, Switzerland: 9
- Cossy Mireille (2012).”EnergyTrade and WTO Rules: Reflexions on Sovereignty over Natural Resourses, Export Restrictions and Freedom of Transit“, European Yearbook of International Econimic: 129
- Anez, c, (2003), “the trade of technical Services for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production: Observations by and Old Venezuelan Contractor” in Energy and Environmental Services: NegotiatingObjectives and Development Priorities. UNCTAD, United Nations, NewYork, US, Geneva, Switzerland:65-70
- Mathur, Sajal, (2014), Trade, the WTOand Energy Security:29-30
- Marhold,Anna (2013). The World Trade Organization and Energy, Fuel for Debate. European Society of International Law:85
- Wilson, j. D (2015), Multilateral Organization and the Limits to International Energy Cooperation, Asian studies Review, 38(1):85
- Michalopoulos Constantin (2015), Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries, Implications for the Millennium Round, working paper:8
- Marku, S, W (2013). Gehring et al,Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Measure in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs),ICTSD Issue Paper No. 3,Geneva ,p. 4. At: htpp: //www. Ictsd, org /themes /climate-andenergy /research/climate-change-and-“sustainable-energy –measures –in regional –trade” (accessed) 23. 7, 2014: 110
- Zarilli, s, (2015), “International Trade in Energy Service and the Developing Countries”: 98
- Laprevote Francois-Charleas &Sungjin Kang (2011). ”Subsides Issues in the WTO AnUpdate”, 10(3) : 104
- Marceau, G, (2010), The WTO in the emerging energy governance debate, Global tradejournal, vol. 5, no. 3: 83
- Matsushita, Mitsuo (2010). “Governance of International Trade under World Trade Organization Agreements-Relationships between World Trade Organization Agreements and Other Trade Agreements”. ProQuest. Journal of World Trade: 44
- Pogoretskyy, vitality (2016). Energy dual pricing in international trade: subsides and anti-dumping perspectives: Regulation of Energy in WTO and Energy Charter. Kluwer Internationl Law. Online version: Avilable http://www. papers ssrn. Com. Last visited 30 Jun 2017. : 121
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