Evaluation of Trend and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Indices (Case study: Hamedan-Bahar plain)

Subject Areas : Water and Environment

atefeh nouraki ¹ , Abdul Rahim hooshmand ²

1 - PhD. Candidate, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Water Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University Ahwaz,Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Water Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran *(Corresponding Author(

Received: 2019-06-26 Accepted : 2019-09-04 Published : 2020-09-22

Keywords: groundwater quality, Hamedan-Bahar Plain, the Sen's Slope Estimator, Mann-Kendall Tests, Zoning,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Awareness of the quality of groundwater resources in the planning and sustainability management of water resources is a particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, to select the best index and its zoning for managing the groundwater resources of Hamedan-Bahar plain. Method: In this study, to determine the process of changes in water quality parameters, the groundwater quality indices and its zoning were used from the chemical data of the groundwater of Hamedan-Bahar plain in the period 2005 to 2014. The physical and chemical parameters of water including TDS, Na, SO4, TH and pH were measured in 25 wells and by applying two non-parametric, Mann-Kendall tests and estimating the Sen's slope, the existence of a significant trend for the annual time series was evaluated at 95 and 99% significance level. Water Quality indices (WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI) were evaluated annually and Giljanovic comparison method was used to compare the indices. Then, by using the GIS, the most appropriate interpolation method (from among IDW, RBF, LPI and GPI) was selected to zoning the best water quality index. Findings: The results of this study showed that 4% of the qualitative variables had a significant increase, 12% had a significant decrease and 84% without a trend. Based on the existing conditions, groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar plain was characterized by good, good and bad grades using WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI indices respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of comparing different interpolation methods, RBF method was superior to other methods, and it has high accuracy and low error. Therefore, the interpolation was carried out with this method. In the end, the comparison the spatial zoning maps of the WQI index showed that at the beginning and the end of the 10-year statistical period, the index had a decreasing trend in the whole plain.

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